Njengoko isondela kunyaka we-2023, i-Tesla ye-10,000 ye-Supercharger kwilizwe lase-China iye yahlala phantsi kwe-Oriental Pearl e-Shanghai, iphawula isigaba esitsha kwinethiwekhi yayo yokutshaja.
Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, inani leetshaja ze-EV e-China libonise ukukhula okugqabhukileyo.Idatha yoluntu ibonisa ukuba ngoSeptemba 2022, inani elipheleleyo leeshaja ze-EV kwilizwe lonke lifikelele kwi-4,488,000, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-101.9%.
Ekwakhiweni kwetshaja ye-EV ngokuguquguquka ngokupheleleyo, sinokubona isikhululo se-Tesla esiphezulu esinokuqhuba ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sosuku emva kokutshaja kwimizuzu eyi-10.Siphinde sabona nesikhululo sokutshintsha umbane se-NIO, esikhawuleza njengokugalela amafutha.Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwento yokuba amava obuqu abasebenzisi abangcono imihla ngemihla, kubonakala ngathi asihoyanga kangako imiba enxulumene nekhonkco leshishini letshaja ye-EV kunye nomkhombandlela wophuhliso lwexesha elizayo.
Siye sathetha neengcali zeshishini leshaja ye-EV yasekhaya kwaye safunda kwaye satolika uphuhliso lwangoku lwe-EV yasekhaya yetshaja yekhonkco kunye nommeli wayo onyukayo kunye neenkampani ezisezantsi, kwaye ekugqibeleni sahlalutya kwaye saqikelela amathuba amatsha okukhula kweshishini letshaja ye-EV yasekhaya emhlabeni esekwe emhlabeni. kwinyani yoshishino kunye nokubanakho kwexesha elizayo.
Ishishini leshaja ye-EV kunzima ukwenza imali, kwaye uHuawei akazange asebenzisane neGridi kaRhulumente
Kushishino lwetshaja ye-EV edibene kusuku olungaphambi kwayizolo, satshintshiselana nengcali yoshishino lwetshaja ye-EV malunga nemodeli yangoku yenzuzo yoshishino lwetshaja ye-EV, imodeli yomqhubi wetshaja ye-EV kunye nobume bophuhliso lwemodyuli yetshaja ye-EV, indawo ephambili Ishishini letshaja ye-EV.
I-Q1: Yintoni imodeli yenzuzo yabaqhubi betshaja yemoto yombane okwangoku?
A1: Enyanisweni, kunzima kubaqhubi betshaja yemoto yombane yasekhaya ukwenza inzuzo, kodwa sonke siyavuma ukuba kukho iindlela zokusebenza ezifanelekileyo: njengendawo yenkonzo yezikhululo zegesi, banokubonelela ngokutya kunye nezinto zokuzonwabisa malunga nezikhululo zokutshaja, kwaye babonelele. iinkonzo ekujoliswe kuzo ngokwezinto ezikhethwa ngabasebenzisi ababizayo.Basenokunxibelelana namashishini ukuze bafumane imirhumo yentengiso.
Nangona kunjalo, ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ezifana neendawo zenkonzo yezikhululo zegesi kufuna amaziko axhasayo kunye nabasebenzi abanxulumeneyo, nto leyo isixa esikhulu senkxaso kubaqhubi, okukhokelela kuphumezo olunzima.Ngoko ke, iindlela eziphambili zenzuzo ziseyingeniso ngokuthe ngqo ekuhlawuleni imirhumo yenkonzo kunye nenkxaso-mali, ngelixa abanye abaqhubi befumana amanqaku amatsha enzuzo.
I-Q2: Kwishishini leshaja yemoto yombane, ngaba iinkampani ezinjengePetroChina kunye neSinopec, esele zinezikhululo zegesi ezininzi, zinezibonelelo ezithile zendawo yokusebenza?
A2: Akukho mathandabuzo ngayo.Enyanisweni, i-CNPC kunye neSinopec sele ibandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kweshaja yemoto yombane kunye nezikhululo zokutshaja, kwaye inzuzo yabo enkulu kukuba banemithombo yomhlaba eyaneleyo kwisixeko.
Ngokomzekelo, e-Shenzhen, ngenxa yokuba kukho izithuthi zombane ezicocekileyo e-Shenzhen, umgangatho wenzuzo yabaqhubi bendawo usephezulu kakhulu, kodwa kwinqanaba elizayo lophuhliso, kuya kubakho ingxaki yokuba kukho ukunqongophala okukhulu kwexabiso eliphantsi. ubutyebi bomhlaba, kunye namaxabiso omhlaba wangaphakathi abiza kakhulu, acinezele ukuhla ngokuqhubekayo kwetshaja yemoto yombane.
Enyanisweni, zonke izixeko kwixesha elizayo ziya kuba nesimo sophuhliso njenge-Shenzhen, apho inzuzo yokuqala ilungile, kodwa kamva inqatshelwe ngenxa yexabiso lomhlaba.Kodwa i-CNPC kunye neSinopec zineenzuzo zendalo, ukwenzela ukuba kubaqhubi, i-CNPC kunye ne-Sinopec bakhuphisana kunye neenzuzo zendalo kwixesha elizayo.
I-Q3: Ithini imeko yophuhliso lwemodyuli yetshaja yemoto yombane eqhelekileyo yasekhaya?
I-A3: Kukho malunga namashumi amawaka eenkampani zasekhaya ezenza ishaja yemoto yombane, kodwa ngoku kukho abavelisi abambalwa kunye nabancinci abenza imodyuli yeshaja yemoto yombane, kwaye imeko yokukhuphisana iya icaca ngakumbi.Isizathu kukuba imodyuli yeshaja yemoto yombane, njengeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwintlambo, inomgangatho ophezulu wobugcisa kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ilawulwa ziinkampani ezimbalwa zeentloko kuphuhliso.
Kwaye kumashishini odumo lwenkampani, impembelelo kunye netekhnoloji, iHuawei yeyona ilungileyo kubo bonke abavelisi bemodyuli yetshaja yemoto yombane.Nangona kunjalo, imodyuli ye-Huawei yeshaja yemoto yombane kunye nomgangatho wegridi yesizwe yahlukile, ngoko akukho ntsebenziswano kunye negridi yesizwe okwangoku.
Ukongeza kwiHuawei, Ukunyusa, i-Infypower kunye neTonhe Electronics Technologies ngababoneleli abaphambili eChina.Isabelo esikhulu semarike ye-Infypower, imarike ephambili ingaphandle kwenethiwekhi, kukho inzuzo ethile yexabiso, ngelixa i-Tonhe Electronics Technologies inesabelo esiphezulu kakhulu kwinethiwekhi, ngokunyuka kubonisa ukhuphiswano lwe-oligarchic.
Umsinga ongasentla wetsheyini yoshishino lwetshaja ye-EV ijonga imodyuli yokutshaja, kwaye i-midstream ijonge kumqhubi.
Okwangoku, ikhonkco leshishini elinyukayo letshaja ye-EV yezithuthi zamandla amatsha ngumvelisi wamacandelo kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo kulwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kweetshaja ze-EV.Embindini woshishino, ngabaqhubi ababizayo.Abathathi-nxaxheba beemeko ezahlukeneyo zokutshaja kumazantsi ekhonkco lemizi-mveliso ikakhulu ngabasebenzisi bezithuthi zamandla amatsha.
Kuluhlu lweshishini olunyukayo lwetshaja ye-EV yemoto, imodyuli yokutshaja yeyona nto iphambili yekhonkco kwaye inomda wobugcisa obuphezulu.
Ngokwezibalo zeZhiyan Ulwazi, iindleko zezixhobo ze-hardware ze-EV ishaja yindleko ephambili ye-EV ishaja, ibalwa ngaphezu kwe-90%.Imodyuli yokutshaja ingundoqo yezixhobo ze-hardware ze-EV ishaja, ibalwa kwi-50% yeendleko ze-hardware ye-hardware ye-EV.
Imodyuli yokutshaja ayinikezeli kuphela amandla kunye nombane, kodwa iphinda iqhube ukuguqulwa kwe-AC-DC, ukukhulisa i-DC kunye nokuhlukaniswa, okugqiba ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweshaja ye-EV, kwaye kunokuthiwa "yintliziyo" yeshaja ye-EV, kunye umda wobugcisa obuphezulu, kwaye iteknoloji ebalulekileyo isezandleni zamashishini ambalwa kushishino.
Okwangoku, abavelisi bemodyuli yokutshaja abaqhelekileyo kwimarike yi-Infypower, Ukwanda, iHuawei, i-Vertiv, i-UUGreenPower Electrical, i-Shenzhen Sinexcel yoMbane kunye nezinye iinkampani eziphambili, ezithatha ngaphezu kwe-90% yeemodyuli zokutshaja zasekhaya.
Embindini wekhonkco loshishino lwetshaja ye-EV, kukho iimodeli ezintathu zeshishini: imodeli ekhokelwa ngabaqhubi, imodeli ekhokelwa yimoto-yeshishini kunye nemodeli ekhokelayo yenkonzo yokutshaja.
Imodeli ekhokelwa ngumqhubi yimodeli yolawulo lokusebenza apho umqhubi ugqibezela ngokuzimeleyo utyalo-mali, ukwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kweshishini le-EV tshaja kwaye libonelela ngeenkonzo zokutshaja kubasebenzisi.
Kule ndlela, abaqhubi abahlawulisayo badibanisa kakhulu izibonelelo ezinyukayo kunye nezisezantsi zekhonkco lezoshishino kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kuphando kunye nophuhliso lweteknoloji yokutshaja kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo.Kwinqanaba lokuqala, kufuneka benze isixa esikhulu sotyalo-mali kwindawo, itshaja ye-EV kunye nezinye iziseko.Lumsebenzi onzima we-asethi, oneemfuno eziphezulu kumandla amakhulu kunye namandla okusebenza okubanzi kwamashishini.Egameni lamashishini ane-TELD Amandla amatsha, i-Wanbang Star Charge Technology, igridi kaRhulumente.
Imowudi ekhokelayo yamashishini eemoto yindlela yokulawula ukusebenza apho amashishini amatsha ezithuthi zamandla aya kuthatha itshaja ye-EV njengenkonzo yasemva kokuthengisa kwaye anike abanini beempawu eziqhelanisiweyo ngamava angcono okutshaja.
Le ndlela yeyabanikazi beemoto ezisisigxina kuphela kumashishini eemoto, kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa kweetshaja ze-EV liphantsi.Nangona kunjalo, kwindlela yokwakhiwa kwemfumba ezimeleyo, amashishini eemoto nawo kufuneka achithe iindleko eziphezulu zokwakha iitshaja ze-EV kwaye zigcinwe kwinqanaba elilandelayo, elilungele amashishini eemoto anenani elikhulu labathengi kunye neshishini eliphambili elizinzileyo.Amashishini abameli abandakanya iTesla, i-NIO, i-XPENG Motors njalo njalo.
Imowudi yeqonga lenkonzo yokutshaja yomntu wesithathu yimowudi yolawulo lokusebenza apho umntu wesithathu adibanisa kwaye athengise ngokutsha iitshaja ze-EV zabaqhubi abahlukeneyo ngobuchule bayo bokudibanisa izixhobo.
Le modeli yeqonga lenkonzo yokutshaja yomntu wesithathu ayithathi nxaxheba kutyalo-mali kunye nolwakhiwo lweetshaja ze-EV, kodwa ifikelela kwiitshaja ze-EV zabaqhubi abatshajayo abahlukeneyo kwiqonga layo ngobuchule bayo bokudibanisa izixhobo.Ngobuchwepheshe bedatha enkulu kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwezixhobo kunye nokwabiwa, iitshaja ze-EV zabaqhubi abahlukeneyo ziqhagamshelwe ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zokutshaja kubasebenzisi be-C.Iinkampani ezimeleyo ziquka i-Xiaoju Fast Charging kunye ne-Cloud Fast Charging.
Emva kweminyaka ephantse ibe mihlanu yokhuphiswano olupheleleyo, ipateni yoshishino lwetshaja ye-EV ilungisiwe ekuqaleni, kwaye uninzi lweemarike zilawulwa ngabaqhubi, zenza i-tripod complexion ye-TELD New Energy, i-Wanbang Star Charge Technology, i-State grid electric.Nangona kunjalo, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukuphuculwa kothungelwano lokutshaja kusaxhomekeke kwinkxaso-mali yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nenkxaso yemalike yemalike eyinkunzi, kwaye ayikaqhubeki kumjikelo wenzuzo.
Ukunyuka komsinga oPhezulu, phakathi kwe-TELD Amandla amatsha
Kwishishini letshaja ye-EV, imarike yomthengisi onyukayo kunye nemarike yomsebenzisi ophakathi zineemeko ezahlukeneyo zokhuphiswano kunye neempawu zentengiso.Le ngxelo ihlalutya ishishini elikhokelayo lemodyuli yokutshaja enyukayo: Ukunyuka, kunye nomqhubi wokutshaja ophakathi: I-TELD Amandla amatsha, ukubonisa ubume boshishino.
Phakathi kwazo, iphethini yokhuphiswano lwetshaja ye-EV enyukayo imisiwe, Ukonyuka kubambe indawo.
Emva kophuhliso kule minyaka yamva nje, ipateni yentengiso enyukayo yeetshaja ze-EV sele yenzekile.Ngelixa unikela ingqalelo ekusebenzeni kwemveliso kunye nexabiso, abathengi abasezantsi bahlawula ingqwalasela ngakumbi kwiimeko zesicelo seshishini kunye nokuzinza kwemveliso.Kunzima kubangeneli abatsha ukufumana ukuqondwa kweshishini ngexesha elifutshane.
Kwaye Yandisa kwakhona kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini yophuhliso, kunye neqela lophando lwetekhnoloji eqolileyo nezinzileyo kunye neqela lophuhliso, uthotho olupheleleyo lweemveliso ezinexabiso eliphantsi kunye nemijelo yokugubungela okuninzi kunye nobubanzi bothungelwano lwentengiso, iimveliso zenkampani ziye zasetyenziswa ngokuzinzileyo kuzo zonke iintlobo. yeeprojekthi, kudumo lweshishini.
Ngokwesibhengezo sokuNyusa, kwicala leemveliso zokutshaja zombane, siya kuqhubeka nokuphumeza uhlaziyo lwemveliso ngokusekwe kwiimveliso zangoku, siphucule izalathisi zokusebenza ezifana neemfuno zokusingqongileyo kunye noluhlu lwamandla emveliso, kwaye sikhawulezise uphuhliso lweemveliso zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kweDC. ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemarike.
Kwangaxeshanye, siya kuphinda siqalise “itshaja enye ye-EV eneendleko ezininzi” kwaye siphucule izisombululo zenkqubo yokutshaja eguquguqukayo ukubonelela ngezisombululo ezingcono zokwakha kunye neemveliso zolwakhiwo lwezikhululo zokutshaja ze-DC ezinamandla amakhulu.Kwaye uqhubeke nokuphucula ukwakhiwa kwesoftware yokusebenza kwesikhululo sokutshaja kunye neqonga lolawulo, ukomeleza imodeli yoshishino edibeneyo "yeqonga lolawulo + isisombululo sokwakha + imveliso", kwaye uzame ukwakha uphawu oluqhutywa ngezinto ezininzi njengomthengisi ohamba phambili kunye nomboneleli wesisombululo kwi. ishishini lombane lombane.
Nangona, Ukunyuka kunamandla, kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imeko yemarike yomthengi, kusekho imingcipheko yokhuphiswano lwemarike kwixesha elizayo.
Ukusuka kwicala lemfuno, kule minyaka yakutsha nje, imarike ephezulu yeendawo zokutshaja zombane zasekhaya zibonakalisa imeko yemarike yomthengi enokhuphiswano oluqatha.Kwangaxeshanye, umkhombandlela wophuhliso lweendawo zokutshaja zombane nazo zitshintshile ukusuka ekuqaleni kokwakhiwa ukuya kumgangatho ophezulu wokusebenza, kwaye i-EV yokutshaja ishishini lonikezelo lwamandla ingene kwinqanaba lohlengahlengiso kunye nokuqina.
Ukongeza, kunye nokwakhiwa okusisiseko kwepateni yemarike, abadlali bangoku kwishishini banamandla anzulu obugcisa, ukuba uphando olutsha lwenkampani kunye nophuhliso alukwazi ukuphuhliswa ngempumelelo kwishedyuli, ukuphuhliswa kweemveliso ezintsha akuhlangabezani nemfuno yemarike kwaye ezinye iingxaki, iya kutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza iinkampani zoontanga.
Ukushwankathela, Ukunyuka kubandakanyeke ngokunzulu kwimarike iminyaka emininzi, kunokhuphiswano olomeleleyo, kwaye kukwazama ukwenza imodeli yeshishini eneempawu.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uphando lwexesha elizayo kunye nophuhliso alukwazi ukulandelwa kwangexesha, kusekho umngcipheko wokupheliswa, okukwayi-microcosm yamashishini anyukayo kulo lonke ishishini lendawo yokutshaja umbane.
I-TELD igxile kakhulu ekuchazeni ngokutsha "uthungelwano lokutshaja", ukukhulula iimveliso zeqonga leplanti yamandla kunye nokwenza iinzame kumbindi wekhonkco loshishino lwemfumba, elinomjelo onzulu.
Emva kweminyaka emininzi yokhuphiswano lwemarike, imarike ye-midstream yenze i-tripod complexion ye-TELD New Energy, i-Wanbang Star Charge Technology, igridi yeSizwe., kunye ne-TELD yokubeka kuqala.Ukususela kwi-2022 H1, kwintsimi yokutshaja kawonkewonke, isabelo semarike samanqaku okutshaja kwe-DC malunga ne-26%, kwaye umthamo wokutshaja udlula i-2.6 yeebhiliyoni zeedigri, kunye nesabelo semarike malunga ne-31%, zombini zibekwe kuqala kwilizwe.
Isizathu sokuba i-TELD ibambelele ngokuqinileyo phezulu kwoluhlu kukuba iphuhlise inzuzo enkulu kwinkqubo yokubeka inethiwekhi yokutshaja: inani leendawo zokutshaja zombane ezibekwe kwindawo ethile zilinganiselwe ngenxa yokuba ukwakhiwa kwempahla yokutshaja. uthintelwe sisiza kunye nomthamo wegridi yengingqi;kwangaxeshanye, uyilo lwamanqaku okutshaja ombane lufuna utyalo-mali olukhulu noluhlala luhleli, kwaye iindleko zokungena kushishino ziphezulu kakhulu.Ezi zimbini zidibene zimisela indawo engashukumiyo ye-TELD kwisiphelo somsebenzi ophakathi.
Okwangoku, iindleko zokusebenza zeendawo zokutshaja zombane ziphezulu, kwaye iifizi zenkonzo yokubiza kunye nenkxaso karhulumente zikude ngokwaneleyo ukuxhasa inzuzo yabaqhubi.Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, iinkampani ezinxulumene nazo ziye zahlola iindlela ezintsha zokwenza inzuzo, kodwa i-TELD ifumene indlela entsha, ngaphandle kwendlela entsha.
U-Yudexiang, usihlalo we-TELD, uthe, "Ngokutshaja kunye nokukhupha isithuthi sombane, kusasazwa amandla amatsha, inkqubo yokugcina amandla, umthwalo ohlengahlengiswayo kunye nezinye izixhobo njengomphathi, ukulungelelaniswa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla, 'ukutshaja inethiwekhi + igridi encinci + yokugcina amandla. network' iba ngowona mzimba uphambili weplanti yamandla, yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumana ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni.
Ngokusekwe kolu luvo, imodeli yeshishini ye-TELD ifumana utshintsho olukhulu: iintlawulo zokubiza, owona mthombo wengeniso yeenkampani ezisebenzayo namhlanje, ziya kutshintshwa ngokuthumela iifizi zezityalo zamandla eziguqulweyo kwixesha elizayo.
Kwi-2022, i-H1, i-TELD iqhagamshelwe kwinani elikhulu le-photovoltaic esasazwayo kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla asasazwayo, ukuvula amaziko okuthumela amandla kwizixeko ezininzi, kunye nokwakha izityalo ezininzi zamandla ezibonakalayo ezisekelwe kwiimeko zesicelo esityebileyo ezifana nokutshaja ngocwangco, ukucinywa. -ukutshaja okuphezulu, ukuthengiswa kwamandla aphezulu, i-micro-grid photovoltaic, ukugcinwa kwamandla e-cascade, kunye nokusebenzisana kwenethiwekhi yezithuthi, ngaloo ndlela kuqatshelwa ishishini lamandla elongezelelweyo.
Ingxelo yezemali ibonisa ukuba isiqingatha sokuqala salo nyaka sizuze ingeniso ye-1.581 yebhiliyoni ye-yuan, ukwanda kwe-44.40% ngexesha elifanayo kunyaka odlulileyo, kwaye inzuzo enkulu yanda nge-114.93% ngexesha elifanayo kunyaka odlulileyo, ebonisa ukuba le modeli ayikho nje kuphela. isebenza, kodwa inokufezekisa ukukhula okuhle kwengeniso ngoku.
Njengoko ubona, i-TELD, njengenkokeli yokuphela komsebenzi, inamandla anamandla.Kwangaxeshanye, ixhomekeke kumaziko womnatha wokutshaja ngokupheleleyo kunye nokufikelela kumandla ombane kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla emhlabeni jikelele, ukufumana imodeli yoshishino engcono phambi kwabanye.Nangona ingenangeniso okwangoku ngenxa yotyalo-mali lokuqala, kwikamva elibonakalayo, i-TELD iya kuvula ngempumelelo umjikelo wenzuzo.
Ingaba ishishini letshaja ye-ev lisengangenisa ukukhula okutsha?
Kwitshaja ye-EV yasekhaya enyukayo kunye nepatheni yokhuphiswano lwemarike ephakathi ilungiswa kancinane, ishishini ngalinye letshaja ye-EV lisandisa intengiso ngokuphindaphinda itekhnoloji kunye nokuphucula kunye nokuya phesheya ukufuna iindlela ezongeziweyo.
Iitshaja ze-EV zasekhaya zitshaja ngokucothayo, kwaye imfuno yabasebenzisi yokutshaja okukhawulezayo kwevoltage kuzisa amathuba amatsha okukhula.
Ngokohlelo lwetekhnoloji yokutshaja, inokwahlulwa ibe yitshaja ye-AC kunye ne-DC, nekwaziwa njengetshaja ye-EV ecothayo kunye netshaja ye-EV ekhawulezayo.Ukusukela ngo-Okthobha ka-2022, iitshaja ze-AC zenza i-58% kwaye iitshaja ze-DC zenza i-42% yobunini betshaja ye-EV eTshayina.
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, abantu babonakala bekwazi "ukunyamezela" inkqubo yokuchitha iiyure ukuhlawula, kodwa kunye nokunyuka koluhlu lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha, ixesha lokutshaja liya likhula kwaye lide, ukutshaja ukuxhalaba nako kwaqala ukuvela, kwaye imfuno yomsebenzisi ye-high-voltage high-power fast ukutshaja ikhula ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ekhuthaza kakhulu uhlaziyo lwe-high-voltage DC EV tshaja.
Ukongeza kwicala labasebenzisi, abavelisi bezithuthi bakwakhuthaza ukuphononongwa kunye nokuthandwa kobuchwephesha bokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kwaye inani leenkampani zezithuthi ziye zangena kwisigaba sokuvelisa ngobuninzi bemodeli yeqonga le-800V ye-voltage ye-high-voltage, ngokukhutheleyo ukuzakhela inkxaso yabo yenethiwekhi yokutshaja. , ukuqhuba ukukhawuleziswa kokwakhiwa kwetshaja ye-DC EV ephezulu.
Ngokutsho koqikelelo lweGuohai Securities, kucingwa ukuba i-45% yentlawulo entsha kawonke-wonke kunye ne-55% yentlawulo entsha yabucala iya kongezwa ngo-2025, i-65% yeetshaja ze-DC kunye ne-35% yeetshaja ze-AC ziya kongezwa kwi-public ev charger, kwaye ixabiso eliphakathi leetshaja ze-DC kunye neetshaja ze-AC ziya kuba yi-50,000 ye-yuan kunye ne-0.3 yezigidi ze-yuan ngokulandelelana, ubungakanani bemarike yokutshaja kwe-ev buya kufikelela kwi-75.5 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2025, xa kuthelekiswa ne-11.3 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2021, kunye ne-CAGR yeminyaka emi-4 ukuya kuthi ga. I-60.7%, kukho indawo enkulu yemarike.
Kwinkqubo yasekhaya ye-high-voltage fast ev chaging replacement and upgrade in full swing, imarike ye-ev charging yaphesheya nayo ingene kumjikelo omtsha wokwakhiwa okukhawulezileyo.
Ezona zizathu ziphambili eziqhuba ulwakhiwo olukhawulezileyo lokutshaja kwe-ev phesheya kunye namashishini etshaja yasekhaya ukuba aye elwandle zezi zilandelayo.
1. I-Europe kunye ne-United States ireyithi yobunini be-tram ikhula ngokukhawuleza, ev iintlawulo njengezibonelelo ezixhasayo, imfuno yonyukile.
Ngaphambi kwekota yesibini ka-2021, ukuthengiswa kweemoto ezixutyiweyo zaseYurophu kubalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-50% yereyishini yokuthengisa iyonke, kodwa ukusukela kwikota yesithathu ka-2021, izinga lokukhula kokuthengiswa kwemoto yombane esulungekileyo eYurophu liye landa ngokukhawuleza.Umlinganiselo wezithuthi zombane ezisulungekileyo unyukile ukusuka ngaphantsi kwe-50% kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2021 ukuya phantse kwi-60% kwikota yesithathu ka-2022.
Kwaye izinga lokungena kwemoto entsha yase-US ngoku liphantsi, kuphela i-4.44%, njengoko isantya sokungena kwemoto entsha yase-US ikhawuleza, izinga lokukhula kobunini bezithuthi zombane kwi-2023 kulindeleke ukuba lidlule i-60%, kulindeleke ukuba lifikelele kwi-4.73 yezigidi zamandla amatsha. ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi ngo-2025, isithuba esongezelelweyo sexesha elizayo sikhulu, izinga lokukhula elinjalo liqhuba uphuhliso lokutshaja kwe-ev.
2. I-Europe kunye ne-United States i-car-charger ratio iphezulu kakhulu, imoto ingaphezulu kweshaja, kukho ukuxhasa imfuno eqinile.
Ukusukela ngo-2021, ubunini bemoto entsha yaseYurophu yi-5.5 yezigidi, ukutshaja kwe-public ev yi-356,000, umlinganiselo we-car-charger uphezulu njenge-15: 1;ngelixa ubunini bezithuthi zamandla amatsha ase-US zizigidi ezi-2, ukutshaja kwe-public ev yi-114,000, umlinganiselo we-car-charger ratio ufikelele kwi-17:1.
Emva komlinganiselo ophezulu ngolo hlobo wetshaja yemoto, yimeko ekhoyo yokunqongophala okukhulu kolwakhiwo lweziseko ezingundoqo ezihlawuliswayo eYurophu nase-United States, umsantsa oqinileyo wokuxhasa imfuno, uqulethe indawo enkulu yentengiso.
3. Umyinge weetshaja ze-DC kwiitshaja zikawonke-wonke zaseYurophu naseMelika ziphantsi, ezingenako ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabasebenzisi ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza.
Imakethi yaseYurophu yeyesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni emva kwe-China, kodwa inkqubela yokwakhiwa kwe-DC yokutshaja eYurophu isekwinqanaba lokuqala.Ngo-2021, phakathi kwe-334,000 yeentlawulo zikawonke-wonke kwi-EU, i-86.83% ihlawulisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye i-13.17% ibiza ngokukhawuleza.
Xa kuthelekiswa neYurophu, ukwakhiwa kokutshaja kweDC eUnited States kuhambele phambili kakhulu, kodwa ayikakwazi ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yabasebenzisi yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza.Ngo-2021, phakathi kweentlawulo ze-114,000 e-United States, i-slow ev charges i-akhawunti ye-80.70% kunye ne-akhawunti yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-19.30%.
Kwiimarike zaphesheya ezimelwe yi-Europe kunye ne-United States, ngenxa yokwanda ngokukhawuleza kwenani leetram kunye nomlinganiselo othe kratya othe kratya wetshaja yemoto, kukho imfuno engqongqo exhasayo yokutshaja kwe-ev.Ngaxeshanye, umlinganiselo weetshaja ze-DC ekutshajisweni kwe-ev yangoku uphantsi kakhulu, okukhokelela kwibango eliphindaphindayo labasebenzisi lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-ev.
Kumashishini, ngenxa yokuba imigangatho kunye nemimiselo yokuvavanya imoto yaseYurophu kunye neMelika ingqongqo kunemarike yaseTshayina, isitshixo kwixesha elifutshane "lokuhamba elwandle" kukufumana isatifikethi esisemgangathweni;Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuba iseti epheleleyo yokuthengisa emva kwentengiso kunye nenethiwekhi yenkonzo inokusekwa, inokonwabela ngokupheleleyo isahlulo sokukhula semarike yokutshaja ev ev yaphesheya.
Bhala ekugqibeleni
Ukutshaja kwe-EV njengesithuthi samandla esitsha esixhasa izixhobo eziyimfuneko, ubungakanani bemarike yeshishini kunye namandla okukhula ngokungathandabuzekiyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga abasebenzisi, ukutshaja kwe-ev kusenzima ukufumana iitshaja kwaye kucotha ukuhlawula ukusuka kwisantya esiphezulu sokukhula ngo-2015 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku;kwaye amashishini atsala nzima kumda welahleko ngenxa yotyalo-mali olukhulu lokuqala kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokulondolozwa.
Sikholelwa ukuba nangona uphuhliso lweshishini lokutshaja lisajongene nobunzima obuninzi, kodwa ngokuncipha kweendleko zokwenziwa kwemveliso, imodeli yeshishini eliphakathi ngokuthe ngcembe livuthwa, kwaye amashishini avule indlela eya elwandle, ishishini liyakonwabela izabelo. zibonakale.
Ngelo xesha, ingxaki yobunzima bokufumana ukutshajiswa kwe-ev kunye nokutshaja okucothayo akusayi kuphinda kube yingxaki kubanini beetram, kwaye ishishini elitsha lezithuthi zamandla liya kuba kwindlela enempilo yophuhliso.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-11-2023