I-EV yenze umtsi omkhulu kuluhlu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ukususela kwi-2017 ukuya ku-2022. umyinge wokuhamba ngenqanawa uye wanda ukusuka kwiikhilomitha ezingama-212 ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezingama-500, kwaye uhambo lokuhamba lusenyuka, kwaye ezinye iimodeli zinokufikelela kwi-1,000 yeekhilomitha. Uluhlu olugcweleyo lokuhamba ngenqanawa lubhekiselele ekuvumeleni ukuhla kwamandla ukusuka kwi-100% ukuya kwi-0%, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba ukusebenzisa ibhetri yamandla kumda akulungile.
Yimalini eyona ntlawulo ilungileyo ye-EV? Ngaba ukutshaja ngokupheleleyo kuya konakalisa ibhetri? Kwelinye icala, ngaba ukukhupha ngokupheleleyo ibhetri kubi kwibhetri? Yeyiphi eyona ndlela yokubiza ibhetri yemoto yombane?
1. Akukhuthazwa ukuba uhlawule ngokupheleleyo ibhetri yamandla
Iibhetri zemoto zombane zisebenzisa iiseli ze-lithium-ion. Njengezinye izixhobo ezisebenzisa iibhetri ze-lithium, ezifana neefowuni eziphathwayo kunye neelaptops, ukutshaja kwi-100% kunokushiya ibhetri kwindawo engazinzanga, enokuchaphazela kakubi iSOC (iState of Charge) okanye ibangele ukungaphumeleli kwentlekele. Xa ibhetri yamandla ebhodini ihlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ikhutshwe, i-lithium ion ayikwazi ukubethelwa kwaye iqokelele kwi-port yokutshaja ukwenza i-dendrites. Le nto inokugqobhoza ngokulula i-diaphragm yombane we-electromagnetic kwaye yenze isekethe emfutshane, eya kubangela ukuba isithuthi sivuthe ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngethamsanqa, ukusilela okuyintlekele kunqabile kakhulu, kodwa kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba kubangele ukuthotywa kwebhetri. Xa i-lithium ion ifumana ukuphendulwa kwecala kwi-electrolyte ebangela ukulahleka kwe-lithium, bayaphuma kumjikelo wokukhutshwa kwentlawulo. Oku kuvamise ukuba kungenxa yobushushu obuphezulu obuveliswa ngamandla agciniweyo xa ehlawuliswa ukuya kumthamo wokugqibela. Ngoko ke, ukutshaja ngokugqithiseleyo kuya kubangela utshintsho olungenakuguqulwa kwisakhiwo se-electrode efanelekileyo esebenzayo yebhetri kunye nokubola kwe-electrolyte, ukunciphisa ubomi benkonzo yebhetri. Ukutshaja ngezinye izihlandlo kwisithuthi sombane kwi-100% akunakwenzeka ukuba kubangele iingxaki ezibonakalayo ngokukhawuleza, njengoko iimeko ezikhethekileyo azikwazi ukuphepha ukuhlawula ngokupheleleyo isithuthi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ibhetri yemoto ihlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo ixesha elide kwaye rhoqo, iingxaki ziya kuvela.
2. Ukuba i-100% ebonisiweyo itshajiswe ngokupheleleyo
Abanye abenzi beemoto baye bayila izikhuseli ze-buffer zokutshaja kwe-EV ukugcina i-SOC esempilweni ixesha elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa ideshibhodi yemoto ibonisa intlawulo ye-100 ekhulwini, ayifikeleli kumda onokuchaphazela impilo yebhetri. Oku kusetwa, okanye ukuthomalalisa, kuthomalalisa ukuthotywa kwebhetri, kwaye uninzi lwee-automakers kusenokwenzeka ukuba zitsalele kolu yilo ukuze zigcine isithuthi sikwimo entle kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
3. Kuphephe ukukhupha kakhulu
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukukhupha ibhetri ngokuqhubekayo ngaphaya kwe-50% yomthamo wayo kuya kunciphisa inani elilindelekileyo lemijikelo yebhetri. Ngokomzekelo, ukuhlawula ibhetri kwi-100% kunye nokuyikhupha ngaphantsi kwe-50% kuya kunciphisa ubomi bayo, kwaye ukuyihlawula kwi-80% kunye nokukhupha ngaphantsi kwe-30% kuya kunciphisa ubomi bayo. Bungakanani ubunzulu bokukhutshwa kwe-DOD (Ubunzulu bokukhutshwa) buchaphazela ubomi bebhetri? Ibhetri ejikelwe kwi-50% ye-DOD iya kuba nomthamo wamaxesha ama-4 ngaphezulu kwebhetri ejikelezisiweyo ukuya kwi-100% ye-DOD. Kuba iibhetri ze-EV phantse azikaze zikhutshwe ngokupheleleyo-uthathela ingqalelo ukhuseleko lwe-buffer, eneneni isiphumo sokukhutshelwa okunzulu sinokuba ncinci, kodwa sibalulekile.
4. Indlela yokubiza izithuthi zombane kunye nokwandisa ubomi bebhetri
I-1) Nika ingqalelo kwixesha lokutshaja, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise ukutshaja okucothayo Iindlela zokutshaja zezithuthi zamandla amatsha zihlulwe ngokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye nokutshaja okucothayo. Ukutshaja okucothayo ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha iiyure ezisi-8 ukuya kwezili-10, ngelixa ukutshaja okukhawulezayo ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha isiqingatha seyure ukutshaja i-80% yamandla, kwaye kunokutshajwa ngokupheleleyo kwiiyure ezi-2. Nangona kunjalo, ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kuya kusebenzisa umsinga omkhulu kunye namandla, okuya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kwibhetri yepakethe. Ukuba itshaja ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, iya kubangela amandla ebhetri, nto leyo eya kunciphisa ubomi bebhetri yamandla ekuhambeni kwexesha, ngoko iselukhetho lokuqala xa ixesha livuma. Indlela yokutshaja kancinci. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ixesha lokutshaja akufanele libe lide kakhulu, ngaphandle koko liya kubangela ukugqithisa kwaye kubangele ukuba ibhetri yesithuthi sishushu.
2) Nika ingqalelo kumandla xa uqhuba kwaye ugweme ukukhutshwa okunzulu Izithuthi zamandla amatsha ziya kukukhumbuza ngokubanzi ukuba uhlawule ngokukhawuleza xa amandla aseleyo angama-20% ukuya kuma-30%. Ukuba uqhubeka uqhuba ngeli xesha, ibhetri iya kukhutshwa ngokunzulu, eya kunciphisa ubomi bebhetri. Ngoko ke, xa amandla aseleyo ebhetri ephantsi, kufuneka ahlawulwe ngexesha.
3) Xa ugcina ixesha elide, musa ukuvumela ibhetri ukuba ilahlekelwe amandla Ukuba isithuthi siza kumiswa ixesha elide, qiniseka ukuba ungavumeli ibhetri ilahlekelwe amandla. Ibhetri ixhomekeke kwi-sulfate kwimeko yokulahlekelwa kwamandla, kwaye i-lead sulfate crystals ibambelela kwi-plate, eya kuthintela ishaneli ye-ion, ibangele ukutshaja okwaneleyo, kunye nokunciphisa amandla ebhetri. Ngoko ke, izithuthi zamandla amatsha kufuneka zihlawulwe ngokupheleleyo xa zipakwe ixesha elide. Kunconywa ukuba bahlawulise rhoqo ukugcina ibhetri ikwimeko ephilileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-12-2023