Yintoni isiXhobo sesiThuthi soMbane (EVSE)?
Ngaphantsi kwamaza ombane wothutho lwehlabathi kunye nokuguqulwa kwamandla aluhlaza, izixhobo zokutshaja i-EV (i-EVSE, iSixhobo sokuNika iSithuthi soMbane) ibe yisiseko esisisiseko sokukhuthaza uthutho oluzinzileyo, i-EVSE ayiyona nje isithuba sokuhlawula, kodwa inkqubo edibeneyo enemisebenzi emininzi efana nokuguqulwa kwamandla, ukhuseleko lokhuseleko, ulawulo olukrelekrele, unxibelelwano lwedatha kunye nokunye, "i-EVSE yokudibanisa i-post" idibanisa ukuguqulwa kwamandla, ukhuseleko lokhuseleko, ulawulo oluhlakaniphile, unxibelelwano lwedatha kunye neminye imisebenzi emininzi. Inika unxibelelwano lwamandla olukhuselekileyo, olusebenzayo kunye nobukrelekrele phakathi kwezithuthi zombane kunye negridi yamandla, kwaye iyindawo ephambili yenethiwekhi yothutho ekrelekrele.
Ngokutsho kwe-International Energy Agency (IEA) ingxelo ye-2024, izinga lokukhula lonyaka lokuthunyelwa kwe-EVSE eYurophu nase-United States lingaphezulu kwe-30%, kwaye i-intelligence kunye ne-interconnectivity ibe yinto eqhelekileyo kwishishini. Idatha evela kwiSebe lezaMandla lase-US ibonisa ukuba inani lezikhululo zokutshaja zoluntu eNyakatho Melika lidlule i-150,000, kwaye amazwe amakhulu aseYurophu nawo akhawulezisa ukucwangciswa kwezakhiwo ezihlakaniphile.
Amacandelo angundoqo wezixhobo zombane zesithuthi sombane
Uyilo lwesakhiwo se-EVSE sinquma ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko, ukuthembeka kunye nenqanaba lobukrelekrele. Amacandelo aphambili aquka:
1. iqokobhe
I-Shell yi-EVSE "ikhaka", ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngezixhobo eziphezulu ze-corrosion-resistant (ezifana nensimbi engenasici, i-aluminium alloy, iiplastiki zobunjineli), ezingenamanzi, uthuli, ukuchasana kwempembelelo kunye nezinye iimpawu. Inqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko (umz. IP54/IP65) liqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sisebenza ngokuzinzileyo ixesha elide ngaphandle kunye nokusingqongileyo okugqithisileyo.
2. ISekethe yeBhodi ePhambili
Isekethe yebhodi ephambili yi "nerve center" ye-EVSE, ejongene nokuguqulwa kwamandla, ukusetyenzwa kwesignali, kunye nokulawula ukutshaja. Idibanisa imodyuli yamandla, imodyuli yokulinganisa, iisekethe zokukhusela ukhuseleko (umzekelo, i-over-current, over-voltage, kunye ne-short-circuit protection), kunye nemodyuli yonxibelelwano ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokutshaja iyasebenza kwaye ikhuselekile.
3. I-Firmware
I-Firmware yi "inkqubo yokusebenza" ye-EVSE, efakwe kwi-motherboard kwaye inoxanduva lokulawula ingqiqo yesixhobo, ukuphunyezwa kweeprothokholi zokutshaja, ukubeka iliso kwimeko kunye nokuphucula okude. I-firmware ekumgangatho ophezulu ixhasa imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yamazwe ngamazwe (umz. OCPP, ISO 15118), eququzelela ukwandiswa okulandelayo kwemisebenzi kunye nophuculo olukrelekrele.
4. Amazibuko kunye neeCables
Amachweba kunye neentambo "ziibhulorho" phakathi kwe-EVSE, ii-EVs kunye negridi yamandla. Izibuko ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye neentambo kufuneka ziqhube kakhulu, zikwazi ukumelana nobushushu, zikwazi ukunxiba, njl., Ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okukhuselekileyo kwemisinga emikhulu ngexesha elide. Ezinye ii-EVSE ezikumgangatho ophezulu zikwaxhotyiswe ngeerektara zentambo ezizenzekelayo zokuphucula amava omsebenzisi kunye nobomi besixhobo.
Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa: I-Hardware vs. Imisebenzi ephambili yeSoftware
| Ubungakanani | I-Hardware (Isixhobo se-EVSE) | Isoftware (uLawulo kunye neQonga leNkonzo) |
|---|---|---|
| Indima ephambili | Ukubonelela ngemveliso yamandla ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo | Vumela ulawulo olukude, uhlalutyo lwedatha, kunye nokucwangcisa okukrelekrele |
| Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo | Imodyuli yokutshaja, imodyuli yokukhusela, i-V2G interface | Ulawulo lwesixhobo, ulawulo lwamandla, intlawulo, uhlalutyo lwedatha |
| Iindlela zobuGcisa | Amandla aphezulu, imodyuli, ukhuseleko olongeziweyo | Iqonga lelifu, idatha enkulu, i-AI, iiprothokholi ezivulekileyo |
| Ixabiso loShishino | Ukuthembeka kwesixhobo, ukuhambelana, ukulinganisa | Ukuncitshiswa kweendleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, imodeli yeshishini elitsha, ukuphuculwa kwamava omsebenzisi |
Uqhagamshelwano lwenethiwekhi: isiseko sobukrelekrele
I-EVSE yanamhlanje ngokubanzi inamandla onxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi, nge-Ethernet,Wi-Fi, 4G/5Gkunye nezinye iindlela zokusebenzisana kwedatha yexesha langempela kunye neqonga lelifu kunye nenkqubo yokulawula. Uqhagamshelwano lwenethiwekhi luvumela i-EVSE ukuba ibe nayoesweni ekude, ukuxilongwa kwempazamo, ukuphuculwa kwezixhobo, ucwangciso olukrelekrelekunye neminye imisebenzi. I-Networked EVSE ayiphuculi nje ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-O&M, kodwa ikwabonelela ngesiseko sobugcisa kwiimodeli zoshishino eziqhutywa yidatha (umz. amaxabiso aguqukayo, uhlalutyo lokusetyenziswa kwamandla, uhlalutyo lokuziphatha komsebenzisi).
Uhlobo lwetshaja: ukwahlukana ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo
I-EVSE ihlelwe ngokweendidi ezahlukeneyo ngokwemveliso yangoku, isantya sokutshaja kunye neemeko zesicelo:
| Uhlobo | Iimpawu eziphambili | Iimeko zosetyenziso oluqhelekileyo |
|---|---|---|
| Itshaja ye-AC | Iziphumo 220V/380V AC, amandla ≤22kW | Ikhaya, Izakhiwo zeeOfisi, iiNdawo zokuthenga |
| DC Fast Charger | Iziphumo zeDC, amandla afikelela kuma-350kW nangaphezulu | Oohola bendlela, Izitishi zokuTshaja eziKhawuleza eziDolophini |
| Itshaja engenazingcingo | Isebenzisa i-electromagnetic induction, akukho mfuneko yokuplaga okanye ukukhupha iintambo | Iindawo zokuhlala ezikumgangatho ophezulu, iiNdawo zokuPaka ezizayo |
Ukutshaja kwe-AC:ilungele ukupaka ixesha elide, ukutshaja okucothayo, iindleko zezixhobo eziphantsi, ezilungele ikhaya kunye neofisi.
Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC:ilungele ukutshaja okukhawulezileyo iindawo, isantya sokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, esilungele iindawo zikawonke-wonke kunye needolophu.
Ukutshaja okungenacingo:itekhnoloji ekhulayo, ephucula ukusebenziseka lula, amandla aphezulu ophuhliso lwexesha elizayo.
Itheyibhile yothelekiso: AC vs. DC iitshaja
| Into | Itshaja ye-AC | DC Fast Charger |
|---|---|---|
| Imveliso yangoku | AC | DC |
| Uluhlu lwamandla | 3.5-22kW | 30-350kW |
| Isantya sokuTshaja | Cotha | Ukukhawuleza |
| Iimeko zeSicelo | Ikhaya, Izakhiwo zeeOfisi, iiNdawo zokuthenga | UkuTshaja ngokukhawuleza koLuntu, oohola bendlela |
| Iindleko zoFakelo | Phantsi | Phezulu |
| Iimpawu ezihlakaniphile | Imisebenzi eSisiseko eSmart iyaxhaswa | Ulawulo oluPhezulu oluPhezulu kunye noLawulo olukude luxhaswayo |
Amazibuko kunye neeCables: ISiqinisekiso soKhuseleko kunye nokuHamba
Ngaphakathi kweSixhobo soMbane weMithombo yoMbane (EVSE), amachweba kunye neentambo azikho nje i-conduits yamandla ombane-ziyizinto ezibalulekileyo eziqinisekisa zombini ukhuseleko lwenkqubo yokutshaja kunye nokuhambelana kwezixhobo. Amazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nemimandla ithatha imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yezibuko, kunye neentlobo eziqhelekileyo ezibandakanyaUhlobo loku-1 (SAE J1772, ikakhulu esetyenziswa kuMntla Melika),Uhlobo lwesi-2(IEC 62196, yamkelwa ngokubanzi eYurophu), kunyeGB/T(umgangatho wesizwe eTshayina). Ukukhetha umgangatho ofanelekileyo wezibuko uvumela i-EVSE ukuba ihambelane noluhlu olubanzi lweemodeli zezithuthi, ngaloo ndlela iphucula amava omsebenzisi kunye nokwandisa ukufikelela kwimarike.
Iintambo zokutshaja ezikumgangatho ophezulu kufuneka zibe neempawu ezininzi eziphambili zokusebenza.
Okokuqala, ukumelana nobushushu kuqinisekisa ukuba intambo inokumelana nokusebenza ixesha elide eliphezulu ngaphandle kokuthotywa okanye ukonakala.
Okwesibini, ukuguquguquka okugqwesileyo kunye nokumelana nokugoba kuvumela intambo ukuba ihlale iqinile kwaye inokwethenjelwa nasemva kokusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye ne-coiling.
Ukongezelela, ukuxhathisa kwamanzi kunye nothuli kubalulekile ekujonganeni neendawo ezinqabileyo zangaphandle, ukwandisa kakhulu ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo. Ezinye iimveliso ze-EVSE eziphambili zixhotyiswe ngetekhnoloji yokuqaphela ingqiqo, enokuthi ikwazi ukuchonga ngokuzenzekelayo uhlobo lwesithuthi esixhunyiwe kunye nokulungelelanisa iiparitha zokutshaja ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngexesha elifanayo, imisebenzi yokutshixa ngokuzenzekelayo inceda ukuthintela ukukhupha ngengozi okanye okukhohlakeleyo, ukuphucula kakhulu ukhuseleko lokutshaja kunye nokukwazi ukulwa nobusela. Ukukhetha amazibuko kunye neentambo ezikhuselekileyo, ezihambelana kakhulu, kunye nezikrelekrele kubalulekile ekwakheni inethiwekhi yokutshaja esebenzayo nethembekileyo.
Iindidi zokudibanisa: imigangatho yehlabathi kunye neendlela
Isidibanisi yi-interface ebonakalayo ngqo phakathi kwe-EVSE kunye nesithuthi sombane. Iindidi eziphambili zezi:
Uhlobo loku-1 (SAE J1772): eqhelekileyo kuMntla Melika, kwisigaba esisodwa sokutshaja kwe-AC.
Uhlobo 2 (IEC 62196): I-Mainstream eYurophu, ixhasa isigaba esisodwa kunye nesigaba sesithathu se-AC.
I-CCS (Inkqubo yokuTshaja eDityanisiweyo): iyahambelana ne-AC kunye ne-DC yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, okuqhelekileyo eYurophu nase-United States.
CHAdeMO:Japan mainstream, eyenzelwe ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kweDC.
GB/T:Umgangatho wesizwe waseTshayina, oquka ukutshaja kwe-AC kunye ne-DC.
Umzila wehlabathi uhambelana nemigangatho emininzi kunye nokutshaja okukhawulezileyo kwamandla. Ukukhetha i-EVSE ehambelanayo kunceda ekuphuculeni ukuthengiswa kweemarike kunye namava omsebenzisi.
Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa: Imigangatho yokudibanisa engundoqo
| Umgangatho | Ummandla oSebenzayo | Uhlobo lwangoku oluxhaswayo | Uluhlu lwamandla | Iintlobo zeemoto ezihambelanayo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uhlobo loku-1 | amantla Emelika | AC | ≤19.2kW | American, Abanye Japanese |
| Uhlobo lwesi-2 | IYurophu | AC | ≤43kW | YaseYurophu, Abanye baseTshayina |
| CCS | IYurophu kunye noMntla Melika | U-AC DC | ≤350kW | Iimpawu ezininzi |
| CHAdeMO | IJapan, Enye iYurophu kunye ne-NA | DC | ≤62.5kW | IsiJapan, Abanye baseYurophu |
| GB/T | eTshayina | U-AC DC | ≤250kW | IsiTshayina |
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeeTshaja: Ubukrelekrele, ukuSebenza okuqhutywa yiDatha, kunye nokuVuselelwa kweShishini
Ii-EVSE zanamhlanje azikho nje "izixhobo zokubonelela ngombane" kodwa iitheminali ezikrelekrele. Iimpawu zabo eziphambili ziquka:
•I-Smart Billing:Ixhasa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlawula (ngexesha, ngamandla asetyenzisiweyo, amaxabiso aguqukayo), ukuququzelela imisebenzi yorhwebo.
•Ukubeka iliso kude:Ukubekwa kweliso kwexesha langempela kwimeko yesixhobo, kunye nenkxaso yokuxilongwa kwempazamo kunye nokugcinwa.
•Ukutshaja okucwangcisiweyo:Abasebenzisi banokugcina ixesha lokutshaja nge-apps okanye amaqonga, ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo.
•Ulawulo lomthwalo:Ukulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo amandla okutshaja ngokusekelwe kumthwalo wegridi ukunqanda uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwemfuno.
•Ukuqokelelwa kweDatha kunye noHlahlelo:Irekhoda idatha yokutshaja, ixhasa izibalo zokusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukujonga ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, kunye nohlalutyo lokuziphatha komsebenzisi.
•Uphuculo lweFirmware ekude:Izisa iifitsha ezintsha kunye neepetshi zokhuseleko kwinethiwekhi ukugcina izixhobo zisexesheni.
•Ulawulo lwabasebenzisi abaninzi:Ixhasa iiakhawunti ezininzi kunye noluhlu lwemvume, ukwenza ulawulo oluphakathi lube lula kubathengi.
•IiNdibaniselwano zeNkonzo ezoNgeziweyo:Okufana nokuhanjiswa kweentengiso, ulawulo lobulungu, kunye nokuphucula amandla.
Imizila Yekamva
I-V2G (iNdibaniselwano yeSithuthi-siya-kwiGridi):Izithuthi zombane zinokubuyisela umva amandla egridi, ziqonda ukuhamba kweendlela ezimbini zamandla.
Ukutshaja okungenacingo:Ukuphucula ukusebenziseka kwaye kufanelekile kwiindawo zokuhlala eziphezulu kunye nezexesha elizayo zokuqhuba ezizimeleyo.
UkuTshaja ngokuzenzekela kokuPaka:Idityaniswe nokuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo, qaphela amava okutshaja okungaqhutywa mntu.
Ukudityaniswa kwamandla oMhlaza:Ukudibanisa nzulu kunye nemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo efana nelanga kunye namandla omoya ukukhuthaza ukuthuthwa kwekhabhoni ephantsi.
FAQ
1.Yintoni isiXhobo sokuBonelela ngesiThuthi soMbane (EVSE)?
2.Ngawaphi amacandelo aphambili e-EVSE?
Zibandakanya indawo ebiyelweyo, ibhodi yesekethe ephambili, i-firmware, izibuko, kunye neentambo. Inxalenye nganye ichaphazela umgangatho wokhuseleko kunye nobukrelekrele besixhobo.
3.I-EVSE ifikelela njani kulawulo olukrelekrele?
Ngokuqhagamshelwa kwenethiwekhi, ukubeka iliso kude, uhlalutyo lwedatha, kunye nokuhlawula okuhlakaniphile, i-EVSE yenza ulawulo olusebenzayo nolukrelekrele olusebenzayo.
4.Yiyiphi imigangatho yokudibanisa i-EVSE eqhelekileyo?
Ziquka uhlobo lwe-1, uhlobo lwe-2, i-CCS, i-CHAdeMO, kunye ne-GB / T. Imigangatho eyahlukeneyo ifanelekile kwiimarike ezahlukeneyo kunye nemodeli yemoto.
5.Ziziphi iindlela ezizayo kwishishini le-EVSE?
Ubukrelekrele, ukusebenzisana, uphuhliso oluluhlaza kunye nekhabhoni ephantsi, kunye nokuveliswa kwemodeli yeshishini kuya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo, kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha obufana neV2G kunye nokutshaja okungenazingcingo kuqhubeka nokuvela.
Imithombo yoGunyaziso:
Ingxelo yeZiseko eziSetyenziswayo zokuTjaja iSebe lase-US
Umbutho wabavelisi beemoto waseYurophu (ACEA)
Izixhobo ze-EVSE zeSebe lezoThutho
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-22-2025