Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lwehlabathi ukuya kwizithuthi zombane (EVs) ngokusisiseko luhlengahlengisa amacandelo ezothutho namandla. Ngokutsho kwe-International Energy Agency (IEA), intengiso ye-EV yehlabathi ifikelele kwirekhodi ye-14 yezigidi zeeyunithi ngo-2023, ibala phantse i-18% yazo zonke iintengiso zeemoto kwihlabathi jikelele. Lo mfutho kulindeleke ukuba uqhubeke, kunye noqikelelo olubonisa ukuba ii-EVs zinokumela ngaphezu kwe-60% yokuthengiswa kweemoto ezintsha kwiimarike ezinkulu ngo-2030. Ngenxa yoko, imfuno yeziseko ezithembekileyo nezifikelelekayo zokutshaja zikhula. I-BloombergNEF iqikelela ukuba ngo-2040, ihlabathi liya kufuna ngaphezulu kwe-290 yezigidi zeendawo zokutshaja ukuxhasa izithuthi ze-EV ezikhulayo. Kubasebenzi kunye nabatyali-mali, olu tyando lunika ithuba leshishini elilodwa kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo lezikhululo zokutshaja iimoto zombane, ezibonelela ngamathuba okukhula okuzinzileyo kunye nembuyekezo ebalulekileyo kwindawo eguqukayo yamandla acocekileyo.
Isishwankathelo seMarike
Imakethi yehlabathi yezikhululo zokutshaja iimoto zombane ifumana ukukhula okubonakalayo, okuqhutywa kukukhula kokwamkelwa kwe-EV, imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente exhasayo, kunye neenjongo zokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni. KuMntla Melika naseYurophu, izikhokelo zolawulo oluluqilima notyalo-mali lukawonke-wonke oluye lwakhawulezisa ukusasazwa kweziseko ezingundoqo zokuhlawulisa. Ngokutsho kwe-European Alternative Fuels Observatory, iYurophu yayineendawo ezingaphezu kwe-500,000 zokuhlawulisa uluntu ekupheleni kwe-2023, kunye nezicwangciso zokufikelela kwi-2.5 yezigidi ngo-2030. INorth America nayo ikhula ngokukhawuleza, ixhaswa ngemali ye-federal kunye ne-incentives yezinga likarhulumente. Ummandla we-Asia-Pacific, okhokelwa yi-China, uhlala uyeyona ntengiso inkulu, ibala ngaphezulu kwe-60% yezikhululo zokutshaja zehlabathi. Ngokucacileyo, uMbindi Mpuma uvela njengomda omtsha wokukhula, kunye namazwe afana ne-United Arab Emirates kunye ne-Saudi Arabia etyala imali eninzi kwiziseko zophuhliso lwe-EV ukuhlukanisa uqoqosho lwazo kunye nokuhlangabezana neethagethi zozinzo. I-BloombergNEF iqikelela ukuba imakethi yesikhululo sokutshaja sehlabathi iya kudlula i-121 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2030, ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka (CAGR) se-25.5%. Lo mhlaba uguquguqukayo ubonelela ngamathuba amaninzi okutshaja izithuthi zombane kubasebenzi, abatyali-mali, kunye nababoneleli betekhnoloji kwihlabathi liphela.
Uqikelelo lokuKhula kweSikhululo sokuTjaja se-EV nguMmandla oMkhulu (2023-2030)
| Ummandla | Izitishi zokuTjaja ngo-2023 | 2030 Forecast | I-CAGR (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| amantla Emelika | 150,000 | 800,000 | 27.1 |
| IYurophu | 500,000 | 2,500,000 | 24.3 |
| Asia-Pacific | 650,000 | 3,800,000 | 26.8 |
| Phakathi empuma | 10,000 | 80,000 | 33.5 |
| Ehlabathini lonke | 1,310,000 | 7,900,000 | 25.5 |
Iindidi zezitishi zokutshaja
Inqanaba loku-1 (Ukutshaja okucothayo)
Ukutshaja kweNqanaba loku-1 kusebenzisa iivenkile zasekhaya eziqhelekileyo (120V) ezinamandla aphantsi, ngokuqhelekileyo yi-1.4-2.4 kW. Ilungele ukutshaja ebusuku kumakhaya okanye kwiiofisi, ukubonelela malunga ne-5-8 km yoluhlu ngeyure. Ngelixa indleko eyongayo kwaye kulula ukuyifaka, iyacotha kwaye ikufanele kakhulu ukuhamba yonke imihla kunye neemeko apho izithuthi zinokuhlala ziplagiwe ixesha elide.
iNqanaba 2 (Ukutshaja okuPhakathi)
Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 zisebenza kwi-240V, zihambisa i-3.3-22 kW yamandla. Bangongeza i-20-100 km yoluhlu ngeyure, ezenza zidume kwiindawo zokuhlala, zorhwebo, kunye neendawo zoluntu. Ukutshaja kweNqanaba lesi-2 kunika ibhalansi phakathi kwesantya kunye neendleko, ezifanelekileyo kuninzi lwabanini babucala kunye nabaqhubi bezorhwebo, kwaye lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo kwiindawo ezisezidolophini nasezidolophini.
Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC (Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza)
Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC (DCFC) ngokuqhelekileyo ibonelela nge-50-350 kW, eyenza ukuba ii-EV ezininzi zifikelele kwi-80% yentlawulo kwimizuzu engama-30. Ilungele iindawo zenkonzo yendlela yendlela kunye neendawo zokuhamba ezidolophini ezinetrafikhi ephezulu. Ngelixa idinga umthamo wegridi obalulekileyo kunye notyalo-mali, i-DCFC iphucula kakhulu ukusebenziseka lula kwaye ibalulekile kuhambo lomgama omde kunye neemeko zokusebenzisa amaza aphezulu.
Izikhululo zokutshaja zoluntu
Izikhululo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke zifikeleleka kubo bonke abasebenzisi be-EV kwaye zihlala zifumaneka kwiindawo zokuthenga, iiofisi, kunye namaziko ohambo. Ukubonakala kwabo okuphezulu kunye nokufikeleleka kutsala ukuhamba okuthe gqolo kwabathengi kunye nemithombo eyahlukeneyo yengeniso, okubenza babe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yamathuba oshishino.
Izikhululo zokuTshaja zaBucala
Izikhululo zokutshaja zabucala zigcinelwe abasebenzisi abathile okanye imibutho, efana nezithuthi zeshishini okanye iindawo zokuhlala. Ububodwa babo kunye nolawulo olubhetyebhetye lubenza bafanelekele iimeko ezifuna ukhuseleko oluphezulu kunye nolawulo.
Izikhululo zokuTjaja iiFlethi
Izikhululo zokutshaja iiflethi ziyilelwe izithuthi zorhwebo ezifana neeteksi, ulungiselelo, kunye nezithuthi ezikhwelayo, zigxile ekucwangciseni kakuhle kunye nokutshaja ngamandla amakhulu. Baxhasa ulawulo oluphakathi kunye nokuthunyelwa ngobuchule, basebenza njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zamandla.
INqanaba loku-1 le-VS iNqanaba lesi-2 le-VS DC Uthelekiso lokuTshaja ngokukhawuleza
| Uhlobo | Ukutshaja iVoltage | Ixesha lokuTjaja | Iindleko |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukutshaja kweNqanaba loku-1 | I-120V (kuMntla Melika) / 220V (kweminye imimandla) | 8-20 iiyure (intlawulo epheleleyo) | Ixabiso lezixhobo eziphantsi, ukufakwa lula, iindleko zombane eziphantsi |
| Ukutshaja kweNqanaba lesi-2 | 208-240V | Iiyure ezi-3-8 (intlawulo epheleleyo) | Iindleko zesixhobo esiphakathi, zifuna ukufakelwa kobugcisa, iindleko zombane eziphakathi |
| Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC | 400V-1000V | 20-60 imizuzu (80% intlawulo) | Izixhobo eziphezulu kunye neendleko zokufakela, iindleko zombane eziphezulu |
Iimodeli zoshishino zamathuba kunye neenzuzo zezikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV
Ubunini obupheleleyo
Ubunini obugcweleyo buthetha umtyali-mali ozimeleyo oxhasa ngemali, akhe, kwaye asebenzise isikhululo sokutshaja, egcina zonke ii-asethi kunye nengeniso. Le modeli ifanele amaqumrhu anengxowankulu afuna ulawulo lwexesha elide, njengezindlu ezinkulu okanye iinkampani zamandla eYurophu nakuMntla Melika. Umzekelo, umakhi wepaki ye-ofisi yase-US unokufakela izikhululo zokutshaja kwindawo yakhe, afumane ingeniso ngokuhlawulisa kunye nemirhumo yokupaka. Ngelixa umngcipheko uphezulu, kunjalo ke ukubanakho ukufumana inzuzo epheleleyo kunye noxabiso lwempahla.
Imodeli yeNtsebenziswano
Imodeli yobambiswano ibandakanya amaqela amaninzi abelana ngotyalo-mali kunye nokusebenza, okufana nentsebenziswano yoluntu-yabucala (PPP) okanye umanyano lwamashishini. Iindleko, umngcipheko, kunye neengeniso zisasazwa ngesivumelwano. Ngokomzekelo, e-UK, oorhulumente basekhaya banokusebenzisana neefemu zamandla ukuhambisa izikhululo zokutshaja kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke-urhulumente ubonelela ngomhlaba, iinkampani zibamba ukufakwa kunye nokugcinwa, kwaye inzuzo yabelwana. Le modeli inciphisa umngcipheko womntu ngamnye kwaye yandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwezibonelelo.
Imodeli yeFranchise
Imodeli ye-franchise ivumela abatyali-mali ukuba basebenzise izikhululo zokutshaja ezinophawu phantsi kwesivumelwano selayisenisi, ukufumana ukufikelela kwi-brand, iteknoloji, kunye nenkxaso yokusebenza. Oku kufanela ii-SME okanye oosomashishini, abanezithintelo ezisezantsi kunye nomngcipheko okwabelwana ngawo. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye iinethiwekhi zokutshaja zaseYurophu zibonelela ngamathuba e-franchise, ukubonelela ngamaqonga adibeneyo kunye neenkqubo zokuhlawula, kunye nabathengi ababelana ngengeniso ngekhontrakthi nganye. Le modeli yenza ukuba kwandiswe ngokukhawuleza kodwa ifuna ukwabelana ngengeniso kunye ne-franchisor.
Imijelo yeNgeniso
1. Intlawulo-mali yokusetyenziswa ngakunye
Abasebenzisi bahlawula ngokusekelwe kumbane osetyenzisiweyo okanye ixesha elichithwe ukutshaja, owona mthombo wengeniso othe ngqo.
2. IziCwangciso zobulungu okanye zoMrhumo
Ukunikezela ngezicwangciso zenyanga okanye zonyaka kubasebenzisi rhoqo kwandisa ukunyaniseka kwaye kuzinzisa umvuzo.
3. Iinkonzo ezongeziweyo kwixabiso
Iinkonzo ezincedisayo ezifana neendawo zokupaka, intengiso, kunye neevenkile ezithengisa izinto eziluncedo zenza ingeniso eyongezelelweyo.
4. Iinkonzo zegridi
Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwigridi yokulinganisa ngokugcina amandla okanye impendulo yemfuno kunokuvelisa inkxaso-mali okanye ingeniso eyongezelelweyo.
ISikhululo sokuTshaja uMfuziselo woShishino loShishino
| Umzekelo | Utyalo-mali | Ingeniso enokwenzeka | Inqanaba lomngcipheko | Ilungele |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ubunini obupheleleyo | Phezulu | Phezulu | Phakathi | Abaqhubi abakhulu, abanini bezindlu |
| Franchise | Phakathi | Phakathi | Phantsi | SMEs, oosomashishini |
| INtsebenziswano yoLuntu neyaBucala | Kwabiwe | Phakathi-Phezulu | Phantsi-Phakathi | Oomasipala, izinto eziluncedo |
Ithuba leSikhululo sokuTshaja se-EV nokuFakelo
Indawo yobuchule
Xa ukhetha indawo yesikhululo sokutshaja, beka phambili iindawo ezinetrafikhi eninzi ezinje ngodederhu lweevenkile, izakhiwo zeeofisi, kunye neendawo zokuhamba. Ezi ndawo ziqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kweetshaja eziphezulu kwaye zinokuvuselela umsebenzi ongqonge ishishini. Umzekelo, amaziko okuthenga amaninzi aseYurophu afaka iNqanaba lesi-2 kunye neetshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC kwiindawo zabo zokupaka, ekhuthaza abanini bee-EV ukuba bathenge ngelixa bebiza. E-US, abanye abaphuhlisi beepaki zeeofisi basebenzisa izixhobo zokutshaja ukunyusa ixabiso lepropathi kunye nokutsala abaqeshi baphezulu. Izitishi ezikufutshane neendawo zokutyela kunye neendawo zokuthengisa zonyusa ixesha lokuhlala labasebenzisi kunye namathuba okuthengisa ngokunqamlezayo, zidala impumelelo yokuphumelela kubaqhubi kunye namashishini asekhaya.
Umthamo wegridi kunye neeMfuno zoPhuculo
Imfuno yamandla yezikhululo zokutshaja, ngakumbi iitshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC, ziphezulu kakhulu kunezo zeendawo zorhwebo eziqhelekileyo. Ukhetho lwesiza kufuneka lubandakanye uvavanyo lomthamo wegridi yendawo, kunye nentsebenziswano kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo kunokufuneka kuphuculo okanye ufakelo lwesiguquli. Umzekelo, e-UK, izixeko ezicwangcisa iindawo ezinkulu zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza zihlala zinxibelelana neenkampani zamandla ukuze zikhusele umthamo owaneleyo kwangethuba. Ucwangciso olululo lwegridi aluchaphazeli ukusebenza kakuhle nje kuphela kodwa lukwanokukaleka kwexa elizayo kunye nolawulo lweendleko.
Imvume kunye nokuThobela
Ukwakha isikhululo sokutshaja kufuna iimvume ezininzi kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemimiselo, kubandakanywa nokusetyenziswa komhlaba, ukhuseleko lombane, kunye neekhowudi zomlilo. Imigaqo iyahluka kulo lonke elaseYurophu nakuMntla Melika, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuphanda nokufumana iimvume eziyimfuneko. Umzekelo, iJamani inyanzelisa ukhuseleko lombane olungqongqo kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko lwedatha kwiitshaja zikawonke-wonke, ngelixa amanye amazwe ase-US efuna ukuba izitishi zithobele i-ADA. Ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kunciphisa imingcipheko esemthethweni kwaye kudla ngokuba yimfuneko kwinkuthazo karhulumente kunye nokuthenjwa koluntu.
Ukudityaniswa kunye neSmart Energy Management Systems
Ngokunyuka kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo kunye neegridi ezihlakaniphile, ukudibanisa iinkqubo zokulawula amandla kwizikhululo zokutshaja kuye kwaba ngumgangatho. Ulawulo lomthwalo onamandla, ixesha lokusetyenziswa kwamaxabiso, kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla kunceda abaqhubi basebenzise kakhulu kwaye banciphise iindleko. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye iinethiwekhi zokutshaja zaseDatshi zisebenzisa iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwi-AI ukulungelelanisa amandla okutshaja ngokusekelwe kumaxabiso ombane wexesha langempela kunye nomthwalo wegridi. ECalifornia, izikhululo ezithile zidibanisa iiphaneli zelanga kunye nokugcinwa ukuze kusebenze ukusebenza kwekhabhoni ephantsi. Ulawulo oluhlakaniphileyo longeza inzuzo kwaye luxhasa iinjongo zozinzo.
EV Amathuba oShishino uHlahlelo lwezeMali
Utyalo-mali kunye neMbuyiselo
Ngokwembono yomsebenzisi, utyalo-mali lokuqala kwisikhululo sokutshaja lubandakanya ukuthengwa kwezixhobo, ubunjineli boluntu, uqhagamshelo lwegridi kunye nophuculo, kunye nemvume. Uhlobo lwetshaja lunempembelelo enkulu kwiindleko. E-US, umzekelo, iBloombergNEF inika ingxelo yokuba ukwakha isikhululo sokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC (DCFC) kumyinge we-$28,000 ukuya kwi-140,000 yeedola, ngelixa izikhululo zeNqanaba lesi-2 zihlala zisuka kwi-5,000 ukuya kwi-20,000 yeedola. Ukukhethwa kwesiza kukwachaphazela utyalo-mali-edolophini okanye iindawo ezinabantu abaninzi betrafikhi zenza irente ephezulu kunye neendleko zokuyilungisa. Ukuba uphuculo lwegridi okanye ufakelo lwe-transformer luyafuneka, ezi kufuneka ziqingqelwe kwangaphambili.
Iindleko zokusebenza ziquka umbane, ukugcinwa kwezixhobo zokusebenza, iintlawulo zenkonzo yenethiwekhi, i-inshurensi, kunye nabasebenzi. Iindleko zombane ziyahluka ngokweentlawulo zasekuhlaleni kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesitishi. EYurophu, umzekelo, amaxabiso ombane exesha eliphakamileyo anokuba phezulu, ngoko ke abaqhubi banokwandisa ukusetyenziswa ngokucwangciswa kobuchule kunye nexesha lokusetyenziswa kwamaxabiso. Iindleko zogcino zixhomekeke kwinani leetshaja, amaxesha okusetyenziswa kwawo, kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo; ukuhlolwa rhoqo kucetyiswa ukwandisa ubomi bezixhobo kunye nokunciphisa ukusilela. Iintlawulo zenkonzo yenethiwekhi zigubungela iinkqubo zokuhlawula, ukubeka iliso kude, kunye nolawulo lwedatha-ukukhetha iqonga elisebenzayo liphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
Inzuzo
Izikhululo zokutshaja ezikwindawo entle nezisetyenziswa kakhulu, zidityaniswe nenkxaso karhulumente kunye nenkuthazo, zidla ngokufumana intlawulo kwisithuba seminyaka emi-3-5. EJamani, umzekelo, urhulumente ubonelela ngenkxaso-mali ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30-40% yeziseko ezitsha zokutshaja, ukunciphisa kakhulu iimfuno zenkunzi yangaphambili. Amanye amazwe ase-US abonelela ngeekhredithi zerhafu kunye nemali-mboleko enenzala ephantsi. Ukwahluka kweendlela zengeniso (umzekelo, ukupaka, iintengiso, izicwangciso zobulungu) kunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko kunye nokunyusa ingeniso iyonke. Umzekelo, umntu ongumDatshi osebenzisana nodederhu lweevenkile akafumani nje kuphela kwiintlawulo zokubiza kodwa nakwintengiso kunye nokwabelana ngengeniso yokuthengisa, enyusa kakhulu umvuzo wesiza ngasinye.
Imodeli yezeMali eneenkcukacha
1. Uqhekeko loTyalo-mali lokuqala
Ukuthengwa kwezixhobo (umzekelo, itshaja ekhawulezayo yeDC): $60,000/unit
Imisebenzi yasekuhlaleni kunye nofakelo: $20,000
Uqhagamshelwano lwegridi kunye nokuphucula: $ 15,000
Imvume kunye nokuthotyelwa: $5,000
Utyalo-mali lulonke (kwindawo nganye, iitshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-2 DC): $160,000
2. Iindleko zokusebenza zoNyaka
Umbane (ucinga ukuba yi-200,000 kWh/ngonyaka othengisiweyo, $0.18/kWh): $36,000
Ukugcinwa kunye nokulungiswa: $ 6,000
Inkonzo yenethiwekhi kunye nolawulo: $ 4,000
I-inshurensi kunye nabasebenzi: $4,000
Iindleko zokusebenza zonyaka zizonke: $50,000
3. Uqikelelo lweNgeniso kunye neMbuyiselo
Ukuhlawula-ngokusetyenziswa kwemali yokubiza ($0.40/kWh × 200,000 kWh): $80,000
Ingeniso yexabiso elongeziweyo (yokupaka, intengiso): $ 10,000
Iyonke ingeniso yonyaka: $90,000
Inzuzo yonyaka net: $40,000
Ixesha lokubuyisela: $ 160,000 ÷ $ 40,000 = iminyaka emi-4
Into yokuphonononga
Ityala: Isikhululo sokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwiCentral Amsterdam
Indawo yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kumbindi weAmsterdam (itshaja ezi-2 ze-DC), ekwindawo yokupaka iivenkile ezinkulu. Utyalo-mali lokuqala lwalumalunga ne-€ 150,000, kunye ne-30% yenkxaso kamasipala, ngoko umqhubi wahlawula i-€ 105,000.
Umthamo wokutshaja wonyaka ujikeleze i-180,000 kWh, ixabiso eliphakathi lombane €0.20/kWh, kunye nexabiso lenkonzo € 0.45/kWh.
Iindleko zokusebenza zonyaka zimalunga ne-€45,000, kubandakanywa umbane, ukugcinwa, inkonzo yeqonga, kunye nomsebenzi.
Iinkonzo ezongeziweyo zexabiso (intengiso, ukwabelana ngengeniso ye-mall) kuzisa i-8,000 € / ngonyaka.
Ingeniso yonyaka iyonke yi-88,000 ye-€ , kunye nenzuzo eseleyo malunga ne-€ 43,000, ekhokelela kwixesha lokubuyisela malunga ne-2.5 iminyaka.
Enkosi kwindawo yayo ephambili kunye nemithombo eyahlukeneyo yengeniso, esi siza siyakonwabela ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kunye nokuqina okunamandla kumngcipheko.
Imingeni kunye nemingcipheko eYurophu naseMntla Melika
1.Ukuphindaphindwa kweTekhnoloji eKhawulezayo
Ezinye izikhululo ezitshaja ngokukhawuleza ezakhiwe ngurhulumente wesixeko sase-Oslo kumanqanaba okuqala ziye zangasetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuba azizange zixhase imigangatho yamva nje yamandla aphezulu (efana ne-350kW yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza okukhulu). Abaqhubi kwafuneka batyale imali ekuphuculweni kwe-hardware ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-EVs zesizukulwana esitsha, ukugqamisa umngcipheko wokuhla kwexabiso le-asethi ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe.
2.Ukomeleza uKhuphiswano lweMarike
Inani lezikhululo zokutshaja kumbindi wedolophu yaseLos Angeles liye landa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokuqalwa kunye neenkampani ezinkulu zamandla zikhuphisana ngeendawo eziphambili. Abanye abasebenzisi batsala abasebenzisi ngeendawo zokupaka simahla kunye nemivuzo yokunyaniseka, okukhokelela kukhuphiswano lwamaxabiso. Oku kubangele ukuba imida yenzuzo icuthe kubasebenzisi abancinci, abanye banyanzeleke ukuba baphume kwiimarike.
3.Izithintelo zeGridi kunye noKuguquguquka kweXabiso laMandla
Ezinye izikhululo ezitshaja ngokukhawuleza eLondon zijongene nokulibaziseka kangangeenyanga ngenxa yokungonelanga komthamo wegridi kunye nesidingo sohlaziyo. Oku kwachaphazela ishedyuli yokumisela. Ngexesha lengxaki yamandla yaseYurophu ka-2022, amaxabiso ombane anyukile, anyusa kakhulu iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokunyanzela abaqhubi ukuba bahlengahlengise izicwangciso zabo zamaxabiso.
4.Utshintsho loLawulo kunye noxinzelelo lokuthotyelwa
Ngo-2023, iBerlin iphumeze ukhuseleko olungqongqo lwedatha kunye neemfuno zokufikeleleka. Ezinye izitishi zokutshaja ezisilele ekuphuculeni iindlela zazo zokuhlawula kunye neempawu zokufikeleleka ziye zahlawuliswa okanye zavalwa okwethutyana. Abanini-zithuthi kuye kwafuneka bonyuse utyalo-mali lokuthotyelwa ukugcina iilayisensi zabo kwaye baqhubeke nokufumana inkxaso-mali karhulumente.
Iindlela zexesha elizayo kunye namaThuba
Ukudityaniswa kwaMandla aVuselelekayo
Ngokukhula kogxininiso lokuzinza, izikhululo zokutshaja ezininzi zidibanisa imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo efana nelanga kunye nomoya. Le ndlela inceda ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kwexesha elide kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, ukuphucula iziqinisekiso eziluhlaza zomqhubi. EJamani, ezinye izitishi zokutshaja zenkonzo yendlela ephezulu zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo ezinkulu ze-photovoltaic kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla, okwenza ukuzisebenzisa ngokwakho emini kunye nokugcinwa kombane ebusuku. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kweegridi ezihlakaniphile kunyeisithuthi ukuya kwigridi (V2G)itekhnoloji ivumela ii-EVs ukuba zondle umbane kwakhona kwigridi ngexesha lemfuno ephezulu, ukudala amathuba amatsha oshishino ev kunye nemijelo yengeniso. Ngokomzekelo, iprojekthi yokulinga i-V2G eNetherlands inike amandla ukuhamba kwamandla phakathi kwee-EV kunye negridi yesixeko.
UkuTjaja iiFlethi kunye noRhwebo
Ngokunyuka kweeveni zokuhambisa umbane, iiteksi, kunye nezithuthi ezikhwelayo, imfuno yeziseko ezingundoqo zokutshaja iimoto ikhula ngokukhawuleza.Izikhululo zokutshaja iiflethingokuqhelekileyo zifuna ukukhutshwa kwamandla aphezulu, ukucwangciswa okukrelekrele, kunye nokufumaneka kwe-24/7, kugxininise ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka. Umzekelo, inkampani enkulu yezothutho eLondon iye yakha izikhululo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ezikhethekileyo kwizithuthi zayo zombane kwaye isebenzisa iinkqubo zolawulo ezikrelekrele ukongeza amaxesha okutshaja kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokusebenza. Iimfuno zokutshaja rhoqo rhoqo kwiinqwelo zorhwebo zibonelela abaqhubi ngemithombo ezinzileyo nenengeniso enkulu, ngelixa zikwaqhuba uphuculo lobuchwepheshe kunye nokuqaliswa kwenkonzo entsha ekuhlawulisweni kweziseko zophuhliso.
Umbono: Ngaba iZitishi zokuTjaja iiMoto zoMbane lithuba elilungileyo?
Ithuba leshishini lezikhululo zokutshaja iimoto zombane lifumana ukukhula okugqabhukileyo, oko kuyenza ibe yenye yezalathiso ezithembisayo zotyalo-mali kwicandelo elitsha lamandla kunye nokushukumiseka okukrelekrele. Inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo, ukusungulwa kwetekhnoloji, kunye nokwanda kwemfuno yabasebenzisi kubonelela ngamandla entengiso. Ngotyalo-mali oluqhubekayo lukarhulumente kwiziseko ezingundoqo kunye nokuphunyezwa kobugcisa obutsha obufana nokutshaja okukhaliphileyo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo, inzuzo kunye nexabiso leshishini lezikhululo zokutshaja ziyanda. Kubasebenzisi, ukwamkela ubuchule obubhetyebhetye, obuqhutywa yidatha kunye notyalo-mali kwangethuba kuthungelwano olunokukaleka, olukrelekrele lokutshaja luya kubenza bafumane ithuba lokukhuphisana kwaye babambe eliza langoku lokuhlawulisa amathuba oshishino. Ngokubanzi, izikhululo zokutshaja iimoto zombane ngokungathandabuzekiyo lelinye lawona mathuba oshishino anomtsalane ngoku nakwiminyaka ezayo.
FAQ
1. Ngawaphi awona mathuba oshishino anengeniso ev yokubiza kubaqhubi ngo-2025?
Oku kuquka izikhululo zokutshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi, iziza ezinikezelweyo zokutshaja iinqwelo zeenqwelo, nezikhululo zokutshaja ezidityaniswe nemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, zonke ezixhamlayo kwinkuthazo karhulumente.
2. Ndingayikhetha njani imodeli yeshishini lesikhululo sokutshaja ev kwindawo yam?
Ithathela ingqalelo i-capital yakho, ukunyamezela umngcipheko, indawo yendawo kunye nabathengi ekujoliswe kubo. Amashishini amakhulu alungele imisebenzi yabantu bonke, ngelixa ii-SME kunye noomasipala banokuthathela ingqalelo iimodeli zokurhweba okanye zentsebenziswano.
3. Yeyiphi imingeni engundoqo ejongene nezikhululo zokutshaja iimoto zombane zamathuba oshishino?
Oku kubandakanya utshintsho olukhawulezayo lwezobuchwepheshe, imiqobo yegridi, ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, kunye nokwanda kokhuphiswano kwimimandla yasezidolophini.
4. Ngaba kukho naziphi na izikhululo zokutshaja zombane ezithengiswayo kwimarike? Kufuneka ndijonge ntoni xa ndityala imali?
Kukho amashishini ezikhululo zokutshaja ezikhoyo ezithengiswayo kwimarike. Ngaphambi kotyalo-mali, kuya kufuneka uvavanye ukusetyenziswa kwendawo, imeko yezixhobo, ingeniso yembali kunye namandla ophuhliso lwentengiso yasekhaya.
5. Indlela yokwandisa imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali kumathuba oshishino ev?
Isicwangciso sendawo, inkxaso-mali yomgaqo-nkqubo, imithombo yengeniso eyahluka-hlukeneyo kunye ne-scalable, utyalo-mali lweziseko ezingundoqo olunobungqina bexesha elizayo lungundoqo.
Imithombo egunyazisiweyo
I-IEA Global EV Outlook 2023
I-BloombergNEF iNjongo yesiThuthi soMbane
IYuropu engenye yeFuels Observatory
I-Arhente yaMandla yaMazwe ngaMazwe (IEA) iGlobal Electric Vehicle Outlook
I-BloombergNEF iNjongo yesiThuthi soMbane
IZiko leDatha yeDatha yeSebe lezaMandla aManye aMatye
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-24-2025