Njengoko utshintsho lwehlabathi oluya kuqoqosho lwekhabhoni ephantsi kunye namandla ohlaza lukhula ngokukhawuleza, oorhulumente kwihlabathi liphela bakhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezixhobo zokutshaja izithuthi zombane kunye nezinye izicelo, kuye kwakho inkxalabo eyandayo malunga nemida yegridi yamandla emveli ngokwempembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokuzinza konikezelo lwamandla. Ngokudibanisa ubuchwephesha be-microgrid obuhlaziyekayo kwiinkqubo zokutshaja, ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili kunokuncipha kuphela, kodwa nokomelela kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwayo yonke inkqubo yamandla kunokuphuculwa. Eli phepha liphonononga ezona ndlela zilungileyo zokudibanisa izithuba zokutshaja ezine-microgrid ezivuselelekayo ukusuka kwiimbono ezininzi: ukudityaniswa kwentlawulo yasekhaya, uphuculo lobuchwepheshe besikhululo sokutshaja sikawonke-wonke, usetyenziso olwahlukeneyo lwamandla, inkxaso yegridi kunye nezicwangciso eziliqili zokunciphisa umngcipheko, kunye nentsebenziswano yoshishino kubugcisa bexesha elizayo.
Ukudityaniswa kwaMandla aVuselelekayo ekuTjalweni kweKhaya
Ngokunyuka kwezithuthi zombane (EVs),Ukutshaja ekhayaibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bemihla ngemihla yabasebenzisi. Nangona kunjalo, ukutshaja kwesiqhelo kwekhaya kuhlala kuxhomekeke kumbane wegridi, ehlala ibandakanya imithombo yamafutha efosili, ukunciphisa izibonelelo zokusingqongileyo zee-EVs. Ukwenza ukutshaja kwekhaya kuzinzileyo, abasebenzisi banokudibanisa amandla avuselelekayo kwiinkqubo zabo. Umzekelo, ukufaka iipaneli zelanga okanye ii-injini zomoya ezincinci ekhaya zinokubonelela ngamandla acocekileyo okutshaja ngelixa unciphisa ukuthembela kumandla aqhelekileyo. Ngokutsho kwe-International Energy Agency (IEA), i-solar photovoltaic generation ikhule nge-22% ngo-2022, igxininisa ukuphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kwamandla avuselelekayo.
Ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokukhuthaza le modeli, abasebenzisi bayakhuthazwa ukuba basebenzisane nabavelisi bezixhobo ezihlanganisiweyo kunye nezaphulelo zofakelo. Uphando oluvela kwi-US National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) lubonisa ukuba ukusebenzisa iinkqubo zelanga zasekhaya zokutshaja kwe-EV kunokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni nge-30% -50%, kuxhomekeke kumxube wamandla wegridi yendawo. Ngapha koko, iiphaneli zelanga zinokugcina amandla angaphezulu kwasemini ukutshaja ebusuku, ukonyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Le ndlela ayinciphisi kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha efosili kodwa ikwasindisa abasebenzisi kwiindleko zombane zexesha elide.
Uphuculo lobuchwephesha lweZikhululo zokuTshaja zoLuntu
Izikhululo zokutshaja zoluntuzibalulekile kubasebenzisi be-EV, kwaye amandla abo obuchwepheshe achaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amava okuhlawula kunye neziphumo zokusingqongileyo. Ukomeleza ukusebenza kakuhle, kuyacetyiswa ukuba izitishi ziphucule ukuya kwiinkqubo zamandla ezizigaba ezithathu ukuxhasa ubuchwephesha bokutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Ngokwemigangatho yamandla yaseYurophu, iinkqubo zesigaba esithathu zihambisa amandla aphezulu kunenqanaba elinye, ukusika amaxesha okutshaja ukuya ngaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-30, kuphucula kakhulu ukusebenziseka lula. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphuculwa kwegridi yodwa akwanelanga ukuzinza-amandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nezisombululo zokugcina kufuneka zingeniswe.
Amandla elanga nawomoya alungele izikhululo zokutshaja zoluntu. Ukufaka iiphaneli zesola kuphahla lwesikhululo okanye ukubeka iiinjini zomoya kufutshane kunokubonelela ngombane ococekileyo ozinzileyo. Ukongeza iibhetri zokugcina amandla kuvumela amandla agqithileyo emini ukuba agcinelwe ubusuku okanye ukusetyenziswa kweyure ephezulu. I-BloombergNEF inika ingxelo yokuba iindleko zokugcina amandla ebhetri ziye zehla phantse i-90% kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, ngoku ingaphantsi kwe-150 yeedola nge-kilowatt-yure, okwenza ukuhanjiswa okukhulu kube nokwenzeka ngokwezoqoqosho. ECarlifonia, ezinye izikhululo zamkele le modeli, zinciphisa ukuthembela kwegridi kunye nokuxhasa igridi ngexesha lemfuno ephezulu, ukufikelela kwi-bidirectional energy optimization.
Ii-Diversified Alternative Energy Applications
Ngaphaya kwelanga kunye nomoya, ukutshaja kwe-EV kunokungena kweminye imithombo yamandla ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo. I-Biofuels, inketho ye-carbon-neutral ephuma kwizityalo okanye inkunkuma ye-organic, ilungele izikhululo ezifuna amandla aphezulu. Idatha yeSebe lezaMandla lase-US ibonisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yomjikelo webhayofuyeli ngaphezulu kwama-50% ngaphantsi kwamafutha efosili, ngobuchwepheshe bemveliso esele ikhulile. Umbane omncinci wamanzi ulungelelanisa iindawo ezikufutshane nemilambo okanye imisinga; nangona incinci, inika amandla azinzileyo kwizikhululo ezincinci.
Iiseli ze-hydrogen fuel, iteknoloji ye-zero-emission, ifumana amandla. Bavelisa umbane nge-hydrogen-oxygen reactions, ukuphumelela ngaphezu kwe-60% yokusebenza kakuhle-idlula kude i-25% -30% yeenjini zendabuko. I-International Hydrogen Energy Council iphawula ukuba, ngaphaya kokusebenzelana kwendalo, iiseli ze-hydrogen fuel fasteling 'zilungele ii-EVs ezinomsebenzi onzima okanye izikhululo zetrafikhi. Iiprojekthi zokulinga zaseYurophu zidibanise i-hydrogen kwizikhululo zokutshaja, ebonisa amandla ayo kwimixube yamandla ezayo. Ukhetho lwamandla ahlukeneyo luphucula ukuguquguquka kweshishini kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zejografi kunye nemozulu.
Ukongezwa kweGrid kunye nezicwangciso-qhinga zokuNciphisa uMngcipheko
Kwimimandla enomthamo olinganiselweyo wegridi okanye imingcipheko ephezulu yokucima umbane, ukuthembela kuphela kwigridi kunokudodobala. Amandla angaphandle kwegridi kunye neenkqubo zokugcina zibonelela ngezongezo ezibalulekileyo. Ukuseta i-off-grid, enikwa amandla yi-standalone solar okanye iiyunithi zomoya, ziqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokutshaja ngexesha lokucima. Idatha yeSebe lezaMandla e-US ibonisa ukuba ukuhanjiswa kokugcinwa kwamandla ngokubanzi kunokunciphisa imingcipheko yokuphazamiseka kwegridi nge-20% -30% ngelixa iphakamisa ukuthembeka kokubonelela.
Inkxaso-mali karhulumente edityaniswe notyalo-mali lwabucala ngundoqo kwesi sicwangciso-qhinga. Umzekelo, iikhredithi zerhafu zomanyano lwase-US zibonelela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30% yoncedo lweendleko zokugcina kunye neeprojekthi ezivuselelekayo, ukunciphisa imithwalo yokuqala yotyalo-mali. Ukongeza, iinkqubo zokugcina zinokunyusa iindleko ngokugcina amandla xa amaxabiso ephantsi kwaye akhulule ngexesha lokuphakama. Olu lawulo lwamandla olukrelekrele luxhasa ukomelela kwaye lunikezela ngeenzuzo zoqoqosho kwimisebenzi yesikhululo sexesha elide.
INtsebenziswano yoShishino kunye nobuChwephesha bexesha elizayo
Ukudityaniswa okunzulu kokutshaja ngee-microgrids ezivuselelekayo kufuna okungaphezulu kunento entsha—intsebenziswano kushishino ibalulekile. Iinkampani ezihlawulisayo kufuneka zisebenzisane nababoneleli bamandla, abenzi bezixhobo, kunye namaqumrhu ophando ukuphuhlisa izisombululo ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Iinkqubo ezixubeneyo zomoya-solar, ezixhasa ubume bemithombo yomibini, ziqinisekisa amandla ajikelezayo. Iprojekthi yaseYurophu ye-“Horizon 2020” ingumzekelo woku, idibanisa umoya, ilanga, kunye nogcino kwi-microgrid esebenzayo kwizitishi zokutshaja.
Itekhnoloji yegridi yeSmart ibonelela ngesakhono esongezelelweyo. Ngokubeka iliso kunye nokuhlalutya idatha ngexesha langempela, ikhulisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla phakathi kwezikhululo kunye negridi. Abaqhubi beenqwelomoya base-US babonisa iigridi ezihlakaniphileyo zinokuyinciphisa inkcitho yamandla nge-15% -20% ngelixa ikhulisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwesikhululo. Ezi ntsebenziswano kunye nokuhambela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kwandisa ukhuphiswano oluzinzileyo kunye nokuphucula amava abasebenzisi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-28-2025