Njengoko ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini kusanda kwaye iimfuno zokusingqongileyo zikhula,iibhasi zikamasipalazitshintshela ngokukhawuleza kumandla ombane. Nangona kunjalo, uluhlu kunye nexesha lokutshaja kweebhasi zombane sele kudala imingeni yokusebenza.Ithuba lokutshajaibonelela ngesisombululo esitsha ngokwenza ukutshaja okukhawulezayo ngexesha lokumisa kancinci-njengakwindawo zokuphela kwendlela okanye kwizikhululo ezikhulu-ukwandisa uluhlu kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kwiibhetri ezinkulu. Ngokwe-International Energy Agency's (IEA)IGlobal EV Outlook 2023, Ukutshaja okuphezulububuchwephesha obuphambili bokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhamba ezidolophini. Ayiphuculi kuphela imisebenzi kodwa ikwaqhuba izithuthi zikawonke-wonke eziluhlaza.
Ngokungafaniyo nokutshaja okuqhelekileyo ebusuku, okudinga iibhetri ezinkulu ezonyusa iindleko kunye nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka,Ukutshaja ekuhambeniisebenzisa rhoqo, ukugqabhuka kwamandla amafutshane ukugcina amancinci, iibhetri ezinoqoqosho zisebenza imini yonke. Le ndlela ifumana amandla kwizixeko zaseYurophu naseMntla Melika, njengaseSweden, e-UK naseJamani.
1. Isishwankathelo seTekhnoloji yokuTjaja iThuba
Entliziyweni yeUkuhlawuliswa rhoqoyiItekhnoloji yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Isebenzisa izixhobo ezinamandla aphezulu ukuhambisa amandla amakhulu kwiibhetri zebhasi ngexesha elifutshane. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
• Iitshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC: Ukusuka kwi-50 kW ukuya kwi-350 kW, ezi zinokubiza ibhasi kwimizuzu eyi-10-15, ilungele ukumisa kancinci.
• IiNkqubo zokuTjaja iiPantograph: Ukudibanisa okuzenzekelayo phakathi kophahla lwebhasi kunye neziseko zesikhululo, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu eYurophu.
Ngokutsho kweBloombergNEF'sIngxelo yeZibonelelo zokuTjaja isiThuthi soMbane, ngaphezulu kwe-5,000 yeenkqubo zothutho zasedolophini zamkelwe kwihlabathi jikeleleUkutshaja ngokukhawulezaukusukela ngo-2023, kunye neYurophu kunye noMntla Melika okhokelayo.
2. Iindlela zokuSebenza ukuTjaja iThuba
Ukuphunyezwa ngempumelelo kweUkutshaja okuncincikufuna ukucwangciswa ngenyameko. Izicwangciso ezingundoqo ziquka:
• Ukubekwa kweSitishi sokuTjaja: Beka phambili iindawo zokuphela kwendlela, iihabhu ezinkulu, okanye iindawo zokumisa ezinexesha elide lokuhlala. Izikhululo zetrafikhi eziphezulu zinciphisa ixesha elongezelelweyo lokuphumla.
• ULawulo lweXesha lokuTshaja: Sebenzisa ukucwangcisa ngobuchule ukulungelelanisa ukutshaja kunye neemfuno zokusebenza, ukuthintela ukulibaziseka.
• Udibaniso lweziseko zophuhliso: Qhagamshela izitishi zokutshaja kwigridi kunye neeNkqubo zoThutho eziNgqobileyo (ITS) zamandla azinzileyo kunye nokubeka iliso kude.
• Uyilo lweModyuli: Fakela iziseko zophuhliso ezikwaziyo ukulungelelanisa umthamo njengoko izithuthi zikhula.
E-Gothenburg, eSweden, izikhululo zokutshaja rhoqo kwiikhilomitha ezi-5 zanciphisa iimfuno zebhetri ngama-40%, ziphucula ukuguquguquka kokusebenza-imodeli yezinye izixeko.
3. IiNzuzo kuQoqosho nokusiNgqongileyo
Ukuhlawuliswa rhoqoinikeza iingenelo ezibalulekileyo:
• Iindleko zebhetri ezisezantsi: Iibhetri ezincinci zinciphisa iindleko zokuthenga ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30%, ngokwe-US National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).
• UkuNcitshiswa kokukhutshwa kweKhabhoni: Iibhasi zombane sele zinqumle ukukhutshwa, kunyeUkutshaja okwethutyanakwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngakumbi. I-Arhente ye-Environmental Agency yaseYurophu (EEA) ibika ukuba iibhasi zombane zineepesenti ezingama-50 zokukhutshwa kobomi obuphantsi kunedizili.
• Ucikizeko lwegridi: Ukutshaja ngobuchule ngexesha leeyure zokungabikho kwesantya esiphezulu kwehlisa iindleko kwaye kunciphisa ubunzima begridi.
Ngaphezu koko, iibhetri ezincinci zinyamezela ukuguga okuncinci ukusuka ekukhutsheni okunzulu, ukwandisa ubomi bazo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokugcinwa.
4. Ii-Case Studies: Ithuba lokuTjaja eLondon naseBerlin
Inkqubo yoThutho yaseLondon
I-TfL yaseLondon, enye yeenethiwekhi ezinkulu zaseYurophu, isebenzisaUkutshaja ngexesha elingasebenziyokwiindlela ezininzi:
• Itekhnoloji: Iinkqubo zePantograph zivumela ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo zokumisa.
• Iziphumo: I-80% intlawulo ngemizuzu eyi-15, ukwandisa uluhlu ukuya kwi-100 km kunye nokunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle ngama-20%.
Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo: Iprojekthi inciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngeetoni ezingama-7,000 ngonyaka, iphucula umgangatho womoya.
I-Berlin's Smart Grid Integration
Inkqubo yothutho yaseBerlin isebenzisana nezinto eziluncedo ukudibanisaUkutshaja okunethubangeegridi ezihlakaniphile:
• Indlela: Iitshaja ezikhawulezayo kwiindawo zokumisa izitshixo, zidityaniswe nogcino lwamandla ukulinganisa umthwalo wegridi.
• Iziphumo: Uxinzelelo lwegridi luncitshiswe nge-30%, kunye neendleko zokusebenza zehla nge-15% ngenxa yokutshaja kwe-off-peak.
• Isifundo: Intsebenziswano phakathi kwamacandelo ngundoqo kwimpumelelo.
5. Imingeni kunye nezisombululo kwiThuba lokuTjaja
Nangona iingenelo zayo, imingeni isekhona:
• Iindleko eziphezulu zeziseko zophuhliso: Ukwakha izikhululo zamandla aphezulu kunye nokuphucula iigridi kuyabiza.
• Uxinzelelo lomthwalo wegridi: Ukutshaja ngaxeshanye kunokwenza iigridi zasekhaya.
• Imiba yokuhambelana: Iimodeli ezahlukeneyo zebhasi kunye nemigangatho yenza nzima ukuhanjiswa.
• Imiqobo yesithuba: Ukufumana iindawo ezifanelekileyo kwizixeko ezixineneyo kunzima.
Izisombululo ziquka:
• Inkxaso yoMgaqo-nkqubo: Inkxaso-mali karhulumente okanye iibhondi eziluhlaza zokuxhasa ngemali.
• I-Smart Grid Tech: Ukufuna impendulo kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla ukulinganisela imithwalo.
• Ukubekwa emgangathweni: Iiprothokholi zokutshaja ezidityanisiweyo zokuhambelana.
• Ukusasazwa okuguquguqukayo: Iitshaja eziphathwayo okanye ezihlangeneyo zeendawo ezinomda.
6. I-Advantage ye-Linkpower: Izisombululo zeNgcali yokuTshaja kweFleet
Njengeenkokeli kumbane wothutho lukawonke-wonke, sinikezela ngolungelelwanisoithuba lokubizaizisombululo zeibhasi kamasipalaizithuthi. Amandla ethu aquka:
• Itekhnoloji ekwinqanaba eliphezulu: Ukusuka kwitshaja ephantsi ukuya kwi-high-power fast fast and pantograph systems.
• I-Smart Management Platform: Ukucwangcisa okusekwe kwilifu, ukubeka iliso, kunye nohlalutyo.
• Inkxaso yeNkonzo ePheleleyo: Ukusuka kwisicwangciso ukuya kulondolozo, siqinisekisa ukuphunyezwa ngokungenamthungo.
• Uyilo lweSiko: Izisombululo ezilungiselelwe ubungakanani besixeko, iindlela, kunye neemfuno zezithuthi.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba abaqhubi abancinci okanye amanethiwekhi amakhulu, sinikezela ngenkxaso ethembekileyo kwimisebenzi eluhlaza, esebenzayo.
Qala Uhambo Lwakho ukuya kwiMisebenzi yeBhasi kaMasipala eLuhlaza
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-27-2025