Njengoko amaqondo obushushu ehlobo eqhubeka nokunyuka, abanikazi bezithuthi zombane banokuqala ukugxila kumcimbi obalulekileyo:EV ukutshaja izilumkiso kwimozulu eshushu. Ukushisa okuphezulu akuchaphazeli nje ukuthuthuzela kwethu kodwa kubangela imingeni ekusebenzeni kwebhetri ye-EV kunye nokhuseleko lokutshaja. Ukuqonda indlela yokutshaja kakuhle isithuthi sakho sombane kwimozulu eshushu kubalulekile ekukhuseleni impilo yebhetri yemoto yakho, ukwandisa ubomi bayo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukutshaja ngokufanelekileyo. Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga iimpembelelo zamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwizithuthi zombane kwaye likubonelele ngothotho lwezona ndlela zisebenzayo kunye neengcebiso zobuchwephesha zokutshaja ehlotyeni, zikunceda uhambe kwihlobo elishushu ngoxolo lwengqondo.
Ngaba amaqondo obushushu aphezulu azichaphazela njani iibhetri ze-EV kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja?
Ingundoqo yesithuthi sombane yibhetri ye-lithium-ion. Ezi bhetri zisebenza ngcono kuluhlu oluthile lobushushu, phakathi kwe 20∘C kunye ne 25∘C. Xa ubushushu be-ambient bunyuka, ngakumbi ngaphezulu kwe-35∘C, iintshukumo ze-electrochemical ngaphakathi kwebhetri zichaphazeleka kakhulu, nto leyo echaphazela ukusebenza kwayo, ixesha lokuphila, kunye nenkqubo yokutshaja.
Okokuqala, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu akhawulezisa inkqubo yokuthotywa kweekhemikhali ngaphakathi kwebhetri. Oku kunokukhokelela ekucuthekeni okusisigxina kumthamo webhetri, okuqhelekileyo kwaziwa njengokuhla kwebhetri. Ukubonakaliswa kwexesha elide kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngexesha lokutshaja kunokubangela ukuba i-electrolyte ngaphakathi kwebhetri ibole, yenze i-passivation layer ethintela ukuhamba kwee-ion ze-lithium, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa umthamo osebenzisekayo webhetri kunye nokuphuma kwamandla.
Okwesibini, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu nawo anyusa ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi kwebhetri. Ukunyuka kokuchasana kwangaphakathi kuthetha ukuba ibhetri ivelisa ubushushu obuninzi ngexesha lokutshaja okanye ukukhupha. Oku kudala umjikelo okhohlakeleyo: ubushushu obuphezulu be-ambient bukhokelela ekunyukeni kobushushu bebhetri, obunyusa ngakumbi ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu, ekugqibeleni kunokubangelaInkqubo yoLawulo lwebhetri (BMS)indlela yokukhusela.
IBMS'yingqondo' yebhetri ye-EV, enoxanduva lokujonga amandla ombane ebhetri, okwangoku, kunye nobushushu. Xa iBMSifumanisa ukuba ubushushu bebhetri buphezulu kakhulu, ukukhusela ibhetri ekonakalisweni, kuya kunciphisa amandla okutshaja, okukhokelela kwizantya zokutshaja ezicothayo. Kwiimeko ezinzima, iBMSisenokunqumama ukutshaja de iqondo lobushushu bebhetri lehle liye kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ehlotyeni elishushu, unokufumanisa ukuba ukutshaja kuthatha ixesha elide kunesiqhelo, okanye isantya sokutshaja asihlangabezani nokulindelweyo.
Itheyibhile engezantsi ithelekisa ngokufutshane ukusebenza kwebhetri kumaqondo obushushu afanelekileyo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu:
| Uphawu | Ubushushu obufanelekileyo (20∘C−25∘C) | Ubushushu obuphezulu (>35∘C) |
| Umthamo webhetri | Uzinzo, ukuthotywa kancinci | Ukuthotywa okukhawulezileyo, ukuncitshiswa kwamandla |
| Ukuchasa Ngaphakathi | Ngasezantsi | Ukunyuka, ubushushu obuninzi obuveliswayo |
| Isantya sokuTshaja | Eqhelekileyo, esebenzayo | BMSimida, ukutshaja kuyacotha okanye kunqumame |
| Ubomi bebhetri | Ixesha elide | Imfutshane |
| Uguqulo lwamandla ngokuSebenzayo | Phezulu | Yehlisiwe ngenxa yokulahlekelwa bubushushu" |
IiNdlela eziGqwesileyo zokuTshaja kwe-EV ehlotyeni
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba imoto yakho yombane ihlawulisa ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo nakwimozulu eshushu yasehlotyeni, kubalulekile ukuba ulandele ezi ndlela zilungileyo.
Ukukhetha iNdawo yokuTjaja eLungileyo kunye nexesha
Ukukhetha indawo yokutshaja kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubushushu bebhetri.
•Beka kuqala ukutshaja kwiindawo ezinomthunzi:Nanini na kunokwenzeka, hlawulisa i-EV yakho egaraji, kwindawo yokupaka engaphantsi komhlaba, okanye phantsi kwecanopy. Kuphephe ukuba sesichengeni sesithuthi sakho ixesha elide kunye nesikhululo sokutshaja kwimitha yelanga. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuthe ngqo kunokunyusa kakhulu ubushushu bomhlaba webhetri kunye nezixhobo zokutshaja, ukwandisa umthwalo we-thermal.
•Tshaja ebusuku okanye kusasa:Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu emini, ngakumbi emva kwemini. Khetha ukuhlawulisa xa amaqondo obushushu esezantsi, njengasebusuku okanye kusasa. Ii-EVs ezininzi zixhasa ukutshaja okucwangcisiweyo, okukuvumela ukuba usete imoto ukuba iqalise ukutshaja ngokuzenzekelayo ngexesha elipholileyo, iiyure zombane ezingasebenziyo. Oku akuncedi kuphela ukukhusela ibhetri kodwa kunokukongela imali kumatyala ombane.
•Khusela isitishi sakho sokutshaja:Ukuba usebenzisa isitishi sokutshaja sasekhaya, cinga ngokufakela i-sunshade okanye usibeke kwindawo enomthunzi. Isikhululo sokutshaja ngokwaso sinokuchaphazeleka ngamaqondo obushushu aphezulu, anokuthi abe nefuthe ekusebenzeni kwawo okanye abangele ukukhuselwa kobushushu obugqithisileyo.
Ukuphucula iNdlela yokuTshaja kwiMpilo yeBattery
Imikhwa echanekileyo yokutshaja ngundoqo ekwandiseni ubomi bebhetri yakho ye-EV.
•Gcina i-20%-80% yoluhlu lokutshaja:Zama ukunqanda ukutshaja ngokupheleleyo (100%) okanye ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo (0%) ibhetri yakho. Ukugcina umgangatho wentlawulo phakathi kwe-20% kunye ne-80% kunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kwibhetri kwaye unciphise ukuthotywa, ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezishushu.
•Kuphephe ukutshaja ngoko nangoko xa ibhetri ishushu:Ukuba i-EV yakho isandula kukuqhuba ixesha elide okanye ibonakale kwilanga elithe ngqo ixesha elide, ubushushu bebhetri bunokuba phezulu. Akucetyiswa ukuba ukhawuleze uzibandakanye ekutshajisweni kwamandla aphezulu ngeli xesha. Yiyeke isithuthi siphumle okwethutyana, sivumele ubushushu bebhetri ukuba hle ngokwendalo phambi kokutshaja.
•Cinga ukusebenzisa Ukutshaja okucothayo: Xa kuthelekiswa nokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC, ukutshaja okucothayo kwe-AC (iNqanaba loku-1 okanye iNqanaba lesi-2) kuvelisa ubushushu obuncinane. Ngexesha elishushu lasehlotyeni, ukuba ixesha liyavuma, beka phambiliUkutshaja okucothayo. Oku kuvumela ibhetri ixesha elingakumbi lokuchitha ubushushu, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe umonakalo onokwenzeka kwibhetri.
•Hlola rhoqo uxinzelelo lwetayara:Amatayara angaphantsi kwamanzi anyusa ukungqubana kwendlela, okukhokelela kusetyenziso lwamandla aphezulu, nto leyo eyandisa ngokungangqalanga umthwalo webhetri kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu. Ehlotyeni, uxinzelelo lwetayara lunokutshintsha ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, ngoko ke ukujonga rhoqo nokugcina uxinzelelo oluchanekileyo lwetayara kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukusebenzisa i-In-Car Smart Systems kuLawulo loBubushushu
Izithuthi zombane zanamhlanje zihlala zixhotyiswe ngolawulo oluphezulu lwebhetri kunye neempawu zekhabhinethi zangaphambili. Ukusebenzisa le misebenzi kunokulwa ngempumelelo nobushushu obuphezulu.
•Umsebenzi wokulungisa kwangaphambili:Uninzi lwee-EVs zixhasa kwangaphambili ukusebenza kwe-air conditioning ngexesha lokutshaja ukupholisa i-cabin kunye nebhetri. Imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-30 ngaphambi kokuba ucebe ukuhamba, vula i-preconditioning usebenzisa inkqubo yemoto yakho okanye i-app yeselula. Ngale ndlela, amandla e-AC aya kuvela kwigridi kunebhetri, ekuvumela ukuba ungene kwi-cabin epholileyo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ibhetri iqala ukusebenza kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, ngaloo ndlela igcina amandla ebhetri ngexesha lokuqhuba.
•Ulawulo lokupholisa kude:Nokuba ungekho emotweni, ungavula ukude umoya usebenzisa i-app yakho yeselula ukwehlisa ubushushu bangaphakathi. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwizithuthi ezipakwe kwilanga elithe ngqo ixesha elide.
•UkuqondaBMS(Isixokelelwano soLawulo lwebhetri):EV yakho yakhelwe-ngaphakathiBMSngumgcini wokhuseleko lwebhetri. Ihlala ibeka iliso kwimpilo yebhetri kunye nobushushu. Xa ubushushu bebhetri buba phezulu kakhulu, iBMSiyakuthatha amanyathelo ngokuzenzekelayo, njengokucutha amandla okutshaja okanye ukuvula inkqubo yokupholisa. Qonda indlela imoto yakhoBMSisebenza kwaye inike ingqalelo kuyo nayiphi na imiyalezo yesilumkiso evela kwisithuthi sakho.
•Yenza uKhuseleko lokuFundisa kweKhabhinethi:Ii-EV ezininzi zibonelela nge-"Cabin Overheat Protection" into evula ngokuzenzekelayo i-fan okanye i-AC ukupholisa i-cabin xa iqondo lokushisa elingaphakathi lidlula ixabiso elimiselweyo. Oku kunceda ukukhusela i-elektroniki yemoto kunye nebhetri kumonakalo wobushushu.
UbuCwangciso boBubushushu obuphezulu kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokuTjaja
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokutshaja ziziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, zifuna amacebo ahlukeneyo.
| Uhlobo lokuTshaja | Uluhlu lwamandla | Iimpawu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu | Isicwangciso |
| Inqanaba 1 (AC Ukutshaja okucothayo) | 1.4-2.4kW | Isantya sokutshaja esicothayo, ubushushu obuncinci obuveliswayo, impembelelo encinci kwibhetri. | Eyona nto ifanele ukutshaja yonke imihla ehlotyeni, ngakumbi ebusuku okanye xa isithuthi sipakwe ixesha elide. Phantse akukho nkxalabo eyongezelelweyo malunga nokufudumeza kwebhetri. |
| Inqanaba 2 (AC Ukutshaja okucothayo) | 3.3-19.2kW | Isantya esiphakathi sokutshaja, senza ubushushu obuncinane kunokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, okuqhelekileyo kwizitishi zokutshaja ekhaya. | Iseyindlela ecetyiswayo yokutshaja yonke imihla ehlotyeni. Ukutshaja kwiindawo ezinomthunzi okanye ebusuku kusebenza ngakumbi. Ukuba isithuthi sinomsebenzi we-preconditioning, sinokusebenza ngexesha lokutshaja. |
| Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC (Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC) | 50kW-350kW+ | Isantya esikhawulezayo sokutshaja, uninzi lobushushu obuveliswayo,BMSuthintelo lwesantya luxhaphake kakhulu. | Zama ukuphepha ukusebenzisa ngexesha elishushu kakhulu emini. Ukuba kufuneka uyisebenzise, khetha izikhululo zokutshaja ezineawnings okanye ezibekwe ngaphakathi. Phambi kokuba uqale ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ungasebenzisa inkqubo yokukhangela yesithuthi ukucwangcisa indlela yakho, ukunika iBMSixesha lokumisela iqondo lobushushu bebhetri kwimo yalo elungileyo. Nika ingqalelo kwiinguqu kumandla wokutshaja wesithuthi; ukuba ubona ukwehla okubonakalayo kwisantya sokutshaja, inokuba yiBMSukunciphisa isantya ukukhusela ibhetri." |
Iingcamango ezingezizo eziqhelekileyo kunye neeNgcebiso zeNgcali
Xa kuziwa ekuhlawuleni izithuthi zombane ehlotyeni, kukho ukungaqondi kakuhle okuqhelekileyo. Ukuziqonda ezi kunye nokuthobela iingcebiso zeengcali kubalulekile.
Iingcamango Eziphosakeleyo eziqhelekileyo
•Umbono ongeyiyo woku-1: Unokukhawuleza ukutshaja ngaphandle kwesizathu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
•Ulungiso:Ubushushu obuphezulu bonyusa ukumelana nebhetri kwangaphakathi kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu. Ukutshaja ngamandla aphezulu rhoqo okanye ixesha elide kwiimeko ezishushu kunokukhawulezisa ukonakaliswa kwebhetri kwaye kusenokude kubangele ukhuseleko lobushushu obugqithisileyo, olukhokelela kuphazamiseko lokutshaja.
•Impazamo yesi-2: Kulungile ukutshaja ngoko nangoko emva kokuba ibhetri ishushu.
•Ulungiso:Emva kokuba isithuthi sibonakaliswe kubushushu obuphezulu okanye siqhutywa ngamandla, ubushushu bebhetri bunokuba phezulu kakhulu. Ukutshaja kwangoko ngeli xesha kubeka uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo kwibhetri. Kuya kufuneka uyeke isithuthi siphumle okwethutyana, uvumela ubushushu bebhetri ukuba behle ngokwendalo phambi kokutshaja.
•Impazamo yesi-3: Ukutshaja rhoqo ukuya kwi-100% kungcono kwibhetri.
•Ulungiso:Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zifumana uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwangaphakathi kunye nomsebenzi xa kufutshane ne-100% epheleleyo okanye i-0% engenanto. Ukugcina ezi meko zigqithileyo ixesha elide, ngakumbi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kunokukhawulezisa ukulahleka kwamandla ebhetri.
IiNgcebiso zeNgcali
•Landela iziKhokelo zabavelisi:Iimpawu zebhetri kunyeBMSizicwangciso zesithuthi sombane ngasinye zinokwahluka kancinane. Soloko ujongana nencwadana yemigaqo yomnini wesithuthi sakho malunga nezindululo ezithile kunye nezithintelo malunga nokutshaja kobushushu obuphezulu obuvela kumenzi.
•Nika ingqalelo kwiMiyalezo yesiLumkiso seSithuthi:Ideshibhodi ye-EV yakho okanye isiboniso esisembindini sinokubonisa izilumkiso zobushushu bebhetri ephezulu okanye izinto ezingaqhelekanga zokutshaja. Ukuba izilumkiso ezinjalo ziyavela, kufuneka uyeke kwangoko ukutshaja okanye ukuqhuba uze ulandele imiyalelo yesithuthi.
•Hlola rhoqo isiPholisi:Uninzi lweebhetri ze-EV zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokupholisa ulwelo. Ukuqwalasela rhoqo inqanaba lokupholisa kunye nomgangatho kuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokupholisa ingasebenza ngokufanelekileyo, okubalulekileyo kulawulo lobushushu bebhetri.
•Sebenzisa iDatha ukwenza izigqibo:Ukuba i-app yesithuthi sakho okanye i-app yomntu wesithathu ibonelela ngobushushu bebhetri okanye idatha yamandla okutshaja, funda ukutolika olu lwazi. Xa ubona amaqondo obushushu ebhetri aphezulu ngokungaguqukiyo okanye ukwehla okungaqhelekanga kumandla okutshaja, hlengahlengisa isicwangciso sakho sokutshaja ngokufanelekileyo.
Isikhululo sokuTjaja se-EV soKhuseleko loBubushushu obuPhezulu kunye neSikhokelo soLondolozo
Ngaphandle kokugxininisa kwisithuthi sombane ngokwawo, ukukhuselwa kunye nokugcinwa kwezikhululo zokutshaja kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu akufanele kuhoywe.
•Ukhuseleko lweZitishi zokuTshaja zaseKhaya (EVSE):
•Umthunzi:Ukuba isikhululo sokutshaja sasekhaya sifakwe ngaphandle, cinga ngokufakela i-sunshade okanye i-canopy elula ukuyikhusela ekukhanyeni kwelanga.
•Ukungenisa umoya:Qinisekisa ukungena komoya okulungileyo kwisikhululo sokutshaja ukuthintela ukufumba kobushushu.
•UHlolo lwarhoqo:Ngamathuba athile jonga intloko yompu otshajayo kunye nekheyibhile ukubona iimpawu zokutshisa, ukujika kombala, okanye umonakalo. Uqhagamshelo oluxengaxengayo lunokukhokelela ekwandeni kokuxhathisa kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu.
•Iingqwalasela zeZikhululo zokuTshaja zoLuntu:
•Izikhululo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke, ngakumbi izikhululo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, zineenkqubo zokupholisa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ukuze zimelane namaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzisi kusafuneka babeke phambili izikhululo zokutshaja ezinamakhava aphezulu okanye ezo zikwindawo yokupaka yangaphakathi.
•Ezinye izitishi zokutshaja zisenokunciphisa amandla okutshaja ngexesha lemozulu eshushu kakhulu. Oku kukukhusela izixhobo kunye nokhuseleko lwesithuthi, ngoko ke nceda uqonde kwaye usebenzisane.
amaqondo obushushu aphezulu e-ummer anika imingeni kwiibhetri zesithuthi sombane kunye nenkqubo yokutshaja. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuthatha ilungeloEV ukutshaja izilumkiso kwimozulu eshushu, ungayikhusela ngokufanelekileyo imoto yakho, uqinisekise impilo yebhetri, kwaye ugcine amava okutshaja asebenzayo. Khumbula, ukukhetha ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutshaja kunye nendawo, ukwandisa imikhwa yakho yokutshaja, kunye nokusetyenziswa kakuhle kweempawu ezikrelekrele zesithuthi sakho zonke zingundoqo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba isithuthi sakho sombane sihamba ngokukhuselekileyo ehlotyeni.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-31-2025