Ngokwamkelwa okukhawulezayo kwehlabathi jikelele kwezithuthi zombane (ii-EVs), uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo zokutshaja luye lwaba lugxininiso oluphambili kwishishini. Ngoku,I-SAE J1772kwayeI-CCS (Inkqubo yokuTshaja eDityanisiweyo)yeyona migangatho mibini isetyenziswa kakhulu kuMntla Melika naseYurophu. Eli nqaku linika uthelekiso olunzulu lwale migangatho, ukuhlalutya iintlobo zabo zokutshaja, ukuhambelana, iimeko zokusetyenziswa, kunye neendlela ezizayo zokunceda abasebenzisi bakhethe isisombululo esifanelekileyo sokutshaja kwiimfuno zabo.
1. Yintoni ukuTshaja kwe-CCS?
I-CCS (Inkqubo yokuTshaja eDityanisiweyo)ngumgangatho wokutshaja we-EV osetyenziswa kakhulu eMntla Melika naseYurophu. Ixhasa zombiniAC (Alternating Current)kwayeDC (Ngqo Ngoku)ukutshaja ngesidibanisi esinye, enikezela ukuguquguquka okukhulu kubasebenzisi. Isixhumi seCCS sidibanisa izikhonkwane zokutshaja eziqhelekileyo ze-AC (ezifana ne-J1772 eNyakatho Melika okanye i-Type 2 eYurophu) kunye nezikhonkwane ezibini ezongezelelweyo ze-DC, ezenza zombini ukutshaja okucothayo kwe-AC kunye ne-high-speed DC ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwi-port efanayo.
Izinto eziluncedo zeCCS:
• Ukutshaja okunemisebenzi emininzi:Ixhasa ukutshaja kwe-AC kunye ne-DC, ilungele ukutshaja ekhaya kunye noluntu.
• Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza:Ukutshaja okukhawulezayo kwe-DC kungatshaja ibhetri ukuya kuma-80% ngaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-30, kucutha kakhulu ixesha lokutshaja.
• Ulwamkelo Olubanzi:Yamkelwe ngabavelisi abakhulu kwaye idityaniswe kwinani elandayo lezikhululo zokutshaja zoluntu.
Ngokutsho kweEuropean Automobile Manufacturers 'Association (ACEA), ukusukela ngo-2024, ngaphezulu kwe-70% yezikhululo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke eYurophu zixhasa i-CCS, kunye nokhuseleko olungaphezulu kwe-90% kumazwe afana neJamani, iFransi ne-Netherlands. Ukongezelela, idatha evela kwiSebe lezaMandla lase-US (i-DOE) ibonisa ukuba i-CCS ibala ngaphezu kwe-60% yothungelwano lokutshaja koluntu eMntla Melika, okwenza kube ngumgangatho okhethiweyo wendlela ehamba phambili kunye nohambo olude.
2. Zeziphi iZithuthi ezixhasa ukuTshaja kweCCS?
CCSiye yaba ngowona mgangatho ubalaseleyo wokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kuMntla Merika naseYurophu, exhaswa zizithuthi ezifana nezi:
•Volkswagen ID.4
• BMW i4 kunye iX series
• Ford Mustang Mach-E
• I-Hyundai Ioniq 5
• Kia EV6
Ezi zithuthi zihambelana nobuninzi beenethiwekhi zokutshaja ngesantya esiphezulu, zibonelela ngamava afanelekileyo ohambo olude.
Ngokutsho kwe-European Association for Electromobility (AVERE), ngaphezu kwe-80% ye-EVs ezithengiswa eYurophu kwi-2024 inkxaso ye-CCS. Ngokomzekelo, iVolkswagen ID.4, i-EV ethengiswa kakhulu eYurophu, inconywa kakhulu ngokuhambelana kwayo neCCS. Ukongezelela, uphando olwenziwa yi-American Automobile Association (AAA) lubonisa ukuba abanini be-Ford Mustang Mach-E kunye ne-Hyundai Ioniq 5 baxabisa kakhulu ukulungelelaniswa kwe-CCS ngokukhawuleza.
3. Yintoni i-J1772 Charging?
I-SAE J1772ngumgangathoAC (Alternating Current)ukutshaja isinxibelelanisi eMntla Melika, esetyenziselwa ikakhuluInqanaba loku-1 (120V)kwayeInqanaba 2 (240V)ukutshaja. Iphuhliswe nguMbutho weIiNjineli zeZimoto (SAE),iyahambelana phantse nazo zonke ii-EVs kunye ne-plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) ezithengiswa kuMntla Melika.
Iimpawu eziphambili zeJ1772
• Ukutshaja kwe-AC Kuphela:Ifanele ukutshaja kancinci ekhaya okanye emsebenzini.
• Ukuhambelana okuBanzi:Ixhaswa phantse zonke ii-EV kunye neePHEVs eMntla Melika.
• Usetyenziso lwaseKhaya noluNtu:Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kwiiseto zokutshaja ekhaya kunye nezikhululo zokutshaja ze-AC zoluntu.
Ngokutsho kweSebe laseMelika leAmandla (DOE), ngaphezu kwe-90% yezikhululo zokutshaja ekhaya eMntla Melika zisebenzisa i-J1772 ukususela ngo-2024. Abanikazi beTesla banokuhlawulisa izithuthi zabo kwizikhululo ezininzi ze-AC zoluntu usebenzisa i-adapter ye-J1772. Ukongezelela, ingxelo ye-Electric Mobility Canada igxininisa ukuthembela ngokubanzi kwi-J1772 ngabanini beNissan Leaf kunye ne-Chevrolet Bolt EV yokutshaja imihla ngemihla.
4. Zeziphi iZithuthi ezixhasa ukuTshaja kwe-J1772?
UninziIi-EVskwayeIiPHEVskuMntla Melika baxhotyiswe ngeIzihlanganisi ze-J1772, kuquka:
• Iimodeli zeTesla (eneadaptha)
• Igqabi leNissan
• Chevrolet Bolt EV
• IToyota Prius Prime (PHEV)
Ukuhambelana okubanzi kwe-J1772 kwenza enye yezona migangatho zidumileyo zokutshaja eNyakatho Melika.
Ngokutsho kwe-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo yase-US (EPA), ngaphezu kwe-95% yee-EV ezithengiswa eMntla Melika kwi-2024 inkxaso ye-J1772. Ukusetyenziswa kukaTesla kweeadaptha ze-J1772 kuvumela izithuthi zakhe ukuba zihlawule phantse kuzo zonke izikhululo zikawonke-wonke ze-AC. Ukongezelela, uphando lwe-Electric Mobility Canada lubonisa ukuba abanikazi be-Nissan Leaf kunye ne-Chevrolet Bolt EV baxabisa kakhulu ukuhambelana kunye nokulula kokusetyenziswa kwe-J1772.
5. Iiyantlukwano eziphambili phakathi kweCCS kunye ne-J1772
Xa ukhetha umgangatho wokutshaja, abasebenzisi kufuneka baqwalaseleisantya sokutshaja, ukuhambelana, kwaye usebenzise iimeko. Nantsi eyona mahluko:
a. Uhlobo lokuTshaja
CCS: Ixhasa zombini i-AC (iNqanaba 1 kunye ne-2) kunye ne-DC yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza (iNqanaba 3), inikezela ngesisombululo sokutshaja esixubileyo kwisixhumi esinye.
I-J1772: Ngokuyintloko ixhasa ukutshaja kwe-AC kuphela, ifanelekile kwiNqanaba 1 (120V) kunye neNqanaba 2 (240V) ukutshaja.
b. Isantya sokuTshaja
CCS: Ibonelela ngezantya zokutshaja ezikhawulezayo nge-DC yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ngokuqhelekileyo ifikelela kwi-80% intlawulo kwimizuzu engama-20-40 yezithuthi ezihambelanayo.
I-J1772: Ilinganiselwe kwizantya zokutshaja ze-AC; Itshaja yeNqanaba lesi-2 inokutshaja ngokupheleleyo ii-EV ezininzi kwiiyure ezi-4-8.
c. Uyilo lwesiqhagamshelo
CCS: Idibanisa izikhonkwane ze-J1772 AC kunye nezikhonkwane ezibini ezongezelelweyo ze-DC, ziyenza ibe nkulu kancinane kune-J1772 yokudibanisa i-standard kodwa ivumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu.
I-J1772: Isidibanisi esidityanisiweyo esixhasa ukutshaja kwe-AC ngokukodwa.
d. Ukuhambelana
CCS: Iyahambelana nee-EVs eziyilelwe zombini ukutshaja kwe-AC kunye ne-DC, ingakumbi iluncedo kuhambo olude olufuna ukumisa ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza.
I-J1772: Ihambelana ngokubanzi nazo zonke ii-EVs zaseMntla Melika kunye neePHEV zokutshaja i-AC, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizikhululo zokutshaja zasekhaya kunye neetshaja ze-AC zoluntu.
e. Isicelo
CCS: Ilungele ukutshaja kwekhaya kunye nokutshaja kwesantya esiphezulu ekuhambeni, ilungele ii-EV ezifuna iinketho zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza.
I-J1772: Ifaneleke kakhulu ukutshaja ekhaya okanye emsebenzini, eyona nto ingcono kwitshajiso yasebusuku okanye useto apho isantya singeyonto ibalulekileyo.
SAE J1772 Pinouts
CCS Connector Pinouts
6. Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo
1.Ngaba iitshaja zeCCS zingasetyenziselwa izithuthi zeJ1772 kuphela?
Hayi, izithuthi ze-J1772 kuphela azikwazi ukusebenzisa i-CCS ye-DC yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kodwa banokusebenzisa i-AC yokutshaja i-AC kwiishaja ze-CCS.
2.Ingaba iitshaja zeCCS ziyafumaneka ngokubanzi kwizikhululo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke?
Ewe, iitshaja zeCCS ziya zixhaphaka ngakumbi kwiinethiwekhi ezinkulu zokutshaja zikawonkewonke kuMntla Merika naseYurophu.
3.Ngaba izithuthi zeTesla zixhasa i-CCS okanye i-J1772?
Izithuthi zeTesla zingasebenzisa iitshaja ze-J1772 ezine-adapter, kwaye ezinye iimodeli zikwaxhasa ukutshaja kweCCS ngokukhawuleza.
4.Yeyiphi ekhawulezayo: CCS okanye J1772?
I-CCS ixhasa ukutshaja okukhawulezayo kwe-DC, ekhawuleza kakhulu kune-J1772 ye-AC yokutshaja.
5.Ngaba isakhono seCCS sibalulekile xa kuthengwa i-EV entsha?
Ukuba uhlala uthatha uhambo olude, iCCS iluncedo kakhulu. Uhambo olufutshane kunye nokutshaja ekhaya, i-J1772 inokwanela.
6.Yintoni amandla okutshaja etshaja yeJ1772?
Iishaja ze-J1772 ngokuqhelekileyo zixhasa iNqanaba 1 (120V, 1.4-1.9 kW) kunye neNqanaba 2 (240V, 3.3-19.2 kW) ukutshaja.
7.Ngawaphi amandla okutshaja aphezulu etshaja yeCCS?
Iitshaja zeCCS ngokuqhelekileyo zixhasa amanqanaba ombane ukusuka kwi-50 kW ukuya kuma-350 kW, ngokuxhomekeke kwisikhululo sokutshaja kunye nesithuthi.
8.Zithini iindleko zokufakela i-J1772 kunye neetshaja zeCCS?
Iitshaja ze-J1772 ngokuqhelekileyo azibizi kakhulu ukuzifaka, zibiza malunga ne-300−700, ngelixa iitshaja ze-CCS, ezixhasa ukutshaja okukhawulezayo, zibiza phakathi kwe-1000and5000.
9.Ngaba i-CCS kunye ne-J1772 yokutshaja izixhumi ziyahambelana?
Inxalenye yokutshaja kwe-AC ye-CCS yokudibanisa ihambelana ne-J1772, kodwa inxalenye yokutshaja kwe-DC isebenza kuphela ngezithuthi ezihambelana ne-CCS.
10.Ingaba imigangatho yokutshaja ye-EV iya kudityaniswa kwixesha elizayo?
Okwangoku, imigangatho efana ne-CCS kunye ne-CHAdeMO iyahlalisana, kodwa i-CCS ifumana ngokukhawuleza ukuthandwa eYurophu naseMntla Melika, enokuthi ibe ngumgangatho obalaseleyo.
7.Iindlela zexesha elizayo kunye neeNgcebiso zabasebenzisi
Njengoko imarike ye-EV iqhubeka ikhula, ukwamkelwa kweCCS kukhula ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi ukuhamba umgama omde kunye nokutshaja koluntu. Nangona kunjalo, i-J1772 ihlala ingumgangatho okhethiweyo wokutshaja ekhaya ngenxa yokuhambelana kwayo ngokubanzi kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Kubasebenzisi abahamba rhoqo imigama emide, ukukhetha isithuthi esinamandla eCCS kuyacetyiswa. Kwabo baqhuba ngokuyintloko kwiindawo zasezidolophini, i-J1772 yanele iimfuno zemihla ngemihla.
Ngokutsho kwe-International Energy Agency (IEA), ubunini be-EV behlabathi buqikelelwa ukuba bufikelele kwi-245 yezigidi nge-2030, kunye ne-CCS kunye ne-J1772 eqhubekayo njengemigangatho ephezulu. Ngokomzekelo, iYurophu iceba ukwandisa inethiwekhi yayo yokutshaja iCCS ukuya kwizikhululo ezizigidi ezi-1 ngo-2025 ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo ye-EV. Ukongezelela, uphando olwenziwa yi-US Department of Energy (DOE) lucebisa ukuba i-J1772 iya kugcina ngaphezu kwe-80% yemarike yokutshaja ekhaya, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezintsha zokuhlala kunye nofakelo lokutshaja koluntu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-31-2024