Ngokwamkelwa okukhawulezayo kwehlabathi jikelele kwee-EVs, esi sikhokelo sijolise kubunzima, obuguqukayoInkqubo yokutshaja yaseMntla Melika. Sidibanisa iinkcukacha zobugcisa zangoku kunye nenkcazelo ebalulekileyo yokusasazwa kobunjineli ephuma kumaqumrhu oshishino (i-SAE, CharIN), kunye nemithombo yedatha enegunya (DOE, NREL), egxile kwi-SAE J1772 kunye ne-ISO 15118 amaxwebhu asemgangathweni. Uhlalutyo luvavanya ngokungqongqo iinkcukacha zobugcisa, imida yokuhambelana, kunye neendlela ezizayo, ezijolise ekuboneleleni uhlalutyo lwe-Original ngokusebenzisa i-lens yokusebenzisana kweprotocol.
Isiqulatho
1. Yintoni ukuTshaja kwe-CCS?
I-CCS (Inkqubo yokuTshaja eDityanisiweyo)ngumgangatho wokutshaja we-EV osetyenziswa kakhulu eYurophu kwayengaphambiliowona mgangatho wokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kuMntla Melika. Ixhasa zombiniAC (Alternating Current)kwayeDC (Ngqo Ngoku)ukutshaja ngesidibanisi esinye, enikezela ukuguquguquka okukhulu kubasebenzisi. Isixhumi seCCS sidibanisa izikhonkwane zokutshaja eziqhelekileyo ze-AC (ezifana ne-J1772 eNyakatho Melika okanye i-Type 2 eYurophu) kunye nezikhonkwane ezibini ezongezelelweyo ze-DC, ezenza zombini ukutshaja okucothayo kwe-AC kunye ne-high-speed DC ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwi-port efanayo.
Izinto eziluncedo zeCCS:
• Ukutshaja okunemisebenzi emininzi:Ixhasa ukutshaja kwe-AC kunye ne-DC, ilungele ukutshaja ekhaya kunye noluntu.
• Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza:Ukutshaja okukhawulezayo kwe-DC kungatshaja ibhetri ukuya kuma-80% ngaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-30, kucutha kakhulu ixesha lokutshaja.
• Ulwamkelo Olubanzi:Yamkelwe ngabavelisi abakhulu kwaye idityaniswe kwinani elandayo lezikhululo zokutshaja zoluntu.
Njengomgangatho osisinyanzelo kwiManyano yaseYurophu, i-CCS2 ihlala isesona sidibanisi sokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC.Ngokutsho kweIdatha ye-European Alternative Fuels Observatory (EAFO) (Q4 2024), uninzi (malunga85% ukuya kwi-90%) iindawo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke zisebenzisa udidi lwe-2 (AC) okanye uqhagamshelwano lweCCS (DC). [Umthombo we-ACEA]. Idatha evela kwiISebe lezaMandla lase-US (DOE)ibonisa ukuba i-CCS ihlala ingumgangatho ofakiweyo wezithuthi zangoku ze-non-Tesla eNyakatho Melika, naphakathi kwenguqu ye-NACS [Umthombo we-DOE-AFDC].
2. Zeziphi iZithuthi ezixhasa ukuTshaja kweCCS?
CCSihlala iukutshaja okukhawulezileyo umgangatho obalaseleyokwihlabathi jikelele, ngakumbi eYurophu. Emantla eMelika, uninzi lwe-non-Tesla EVs ekhoyo (imodeli yangaphambi kwe-2025) ixhasa i-CCS1, nangona abavelisi abaninzi bebhengeze utshintsho kwizibuko ze-NACS eziqala ngo-2025.
Izithuthi ezixhaswayo ziquka:
•Volkswagen ID.4
• BMW i4 kunye iX series
• Ford Mustang Mach-E
• I-Hyundai Ioniq 5
• Kia EV6
Ezi zithuthi zihambelana nobuninzi beenethiwekhi zokutshaja ngesantya esiphezulu, zibonelela ngamava afanelekileyo ohambo olude.
3. I-Shift ye-Landscape yoMntla Merika: CCS1 vs. SAE J3400 (NACS)
Imarike yaseMntla Melika okwangoku ichazwa lukhuphiswano phakathiCCS1(umgangatho weCCS wengingqi) kunye neInkqubo yokuTjaja yaseMntla Melika (NACS), ebekwe emgangathweni nguMbutho weeNjineli zeZimoto (SAE) njengeSAE J3400.
Eli nqaku libonelela ngohlalutyo olunzulu lommandla wangoku wokutshaja waseMntla Melika, ugxile kwiinkcukacha zobugcisa kunyeimingeni yokusasazwa emhlabeniyeCCS1, J1772, kunye nomgangatho onyukayo we-SAE J3400 (NACS).Sidibanisa ulwazi oluvela kubaqhubi abakhulu bothungelwano olubizayo kunye namaxwebhu obunjineli beemotoukuthelekisa iintlobo zokutshaja, ukuhambelana komzimba, kunye neendlela zexesha elide.
| Uphawu | I-CCS1 (Inkqubo yokuTshaja eDityanisiweyo) | I-NACS / SAE J3400 (iNkqubo yokuTshaja yaseMntla Melika) |
|---|---|---|
| Uyilo lwesiqhagamshelo | Enkulu, isinxibelelanisi esikhulu esidibanisa izikhonkwane ze-J1772 kunye nezikhonkwane ezimbini ze-DC. | Incinci, ilula, kunye noyilo lwe-ergonomic; iphini enye yazo zombini iAC/DC. |
| Ummandla obalaseleyo | IYurophu (njengeCCS2) kunye nangaphambili kuMntla Melika. | UMntla Melika (umiselwe ukuba ube ngumgangatho ongagqibekanga). |
| Ikamva elizayo | Iya kuhlala ibalulekile kwiinqwelo ezikhoyo ezingekho zeTesla EV kunye neeadaptha. | Abenzi beemoto ezinkulu bayayamkela iimodeli ezintsha eziqalayo2025/2026. |
Ukubekwa emgangathweni kwesinxibelelanisi seNACS njengeSAE J3400ibonelela ngemephu yendlela yoshishino ecacileyo, iqinisekisa ukusebenzisana kunye nesiqinisekiso sokhuseleko sokwamkelwa kwayo ngokubanzi kuwo wonke uMntla Melika.
4. Yintoni i-J1772 Charging?
I-SAE J1772ngumgangathoAC (Alternating Current)ukutshaja isinxibelelanisi eMntla Melika, esetyenziselwa ikakhuluInqanaba loku-1 (120V)kwayeInqanaba 2 (240V)ukutshaja. Iphuhliswe nguMbutho weIiNjineli zeZimoto (SAE),iyahambelana phantse nazo zonke ii-EVs kunye ne-plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) ezithengiswa kuMntla Melika.
Iimpawu eziphambili zeJ1772
• Ukutshaja kwe-AC Kuphela:Ifanele ukutshaja kancinci ekhaya okanye emsebenzini.
• Ukuhambelana okuBanzi:Ixhaswa phantse zonke ii-EV kunye neePHEVs eMntla Melika.
• Usetyenziso lwaseKhaya noluNtu:Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kwiiseto zokutshaja ekhaya kunye nezikhululo zokutshaja ze-AC zoluntu.
Uqikelelo lwemizi-mveliso lucebisa ukubangaphezulu kwe 80-90%yeNqanaba le-2 yeeyunithi zokutshaja ekhaya ezithengiswa eNyakatho Melika zibandakanya i-J1772 ikhonkco, imisela njengomgangatho we-AC jikelele. Ukongezelela, ingxelo ye-Electric Mobility Canada igxininisa ukuthembela ngokubanzi kwi-J1772 ngabanini beNissan Leaf kunye ne-Chevrolet Bolt EV yokutshaja imihla ngemihla.
5. Zeziphi iZithuthi ezixhasa ukuTshaja kwe-J1772?
UninziIi-EVskwayeIiPHEVskuMntla Melika baxhotyiswe ngeIzihlanganisi ze-J1772, okwenza kube ngowona mgangatho ohambelanayo ngokubanzi kwiNqanaba loku-1 kunye neNqanaba lesi-2 lokutshaja.
Izithuthi ezixhaswayo ziquka:
• Iimodeli zeTesla (eneadaptha)
• Igqabi leNissan
• Chevrolet Bolt EV
• IToyota Prius Prime (PHEV)
Ukuhambelana okubanzi kwe-J1772 kwenza kube yimigangatho yokutshaja ethandwa kakhulu eNyakatho Melika.Njengomgangatho weNqanaba 2 (AC) jikelele, zonke i-non-Tesla EVs kunye ne-PHEVs eziveliswe kwimarike yaseNyakatho Melika (ngaphambi kokutshintshwa kwe-NACS, umzekelo, imodeli yangaphambili ye-2025/2026) ixhotyiswe nge-72 ye-port 102 ye-port, eyenza i-72 ye-port ye-1026 ixhotyiswe nge-J10. yokutshaja kwe-AC. Ukusetyenziswa kukaTesla kweeadaptha ze-J1772 kuvumela izithuthi zakhe ukuba zihlawule phantse kuzo zonke izikhululo zikawonke-wonke ze-AC. Ukongezelela, uphando lwe-Electric Mobility Canada lubonisa ukuba abanikazi be-Nissan Leaf kunye ne-Chevrolet Bolt EV baxabisa kakhulu ukuhambelana kunye nokulula kokusetyenziswa kwe-J1772.
6. Iiyantlukwano eziphambili phakathi kweCCS kunye ne-J1772
Xa ukhetha umgangatho wokutshaja, abasebenzisi kufuneka baqwalaseleisantya sokutshaja,ukuhambelana, kwaye usebenzise iimeko. Nantsi eyona mahluko:
| Ukuthelekisa | I-CCS (Inkqubo yokuTshaja eDityanisiweyo) | I-J1772 (SAE J1772) |
| Uhlobo lokuTshaja | Ixhasa i-AC (iNqanaba 2) kunyeI-DC (iNqanaba 3) ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza | Ukutshaja kwe-AC kuphela(Inqanaba loku-1 kunye neNqanaba lesi-2) |
| Isantya sokuTshaja | I-DC itshaja ngokukhawuleza i-50 kW ukuya kuma-350 kW (ngaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kuma-80%). | Inqanaba lesi-2 litshaja ukuya kuthi ga kwi-19.2 kW (iiyure ezi-4–8 ngentlawulo epheleleyo) |
| Uyilo lwesiqhagamshelo | Enkulu, isinxibelelanisi esikhulu esidibanisa izikhonkwane ze-J1772 AC kunye nezikhonkwane ezimbini ezinikezelweyo zeDC. | Isiqhagamshelo sokutshaja se-AC seNqanaba loku-1/2 kuphela. |
| UMgaqo woNxibelelwano | I-ISO 15118 (Isiphathi soMbane woMbane-PLC)yeempawu eziphambili (umzekelo, iPlug kunye nokuTshaja) | I-SAE J1772 (Umqondiso woLingelo)kulawulo lwentlawulo esisiseko kunye nokunxibelelana kokhuseleko. |
| Iindleko zeHardware | (Iyunithi yeDCFC): $10,000 ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-$40,000 USD (yeyunithi ye-50–150 kW, ngaphandle kobunjineli bokwakha) | Iiyunithi zeKhaya zeNqanaba lesi-2: Ngokuqhelekileyo$300 - $1,000 USDkwiyunithi yezixhobo zentsimbi. |
| Sebenzisa Amatyala | Ukutshaja ekhaya, ukuhamba umgama omde, kunye nesantya esiphezulu sokubiza uluntu. | Ukutshaja okucothayo ekhaya okanye emsebenzini (ubusuku/indawo yokupaka yonke imihla). |
a. Isantya sokutshaja:
I-CCS kunye ne-NACS zixhasa ukutshaja okukhawulezayo kwe-DC, kaninzi ukusuka kwi-50 kW ukuya350 kW(kuxhomekeke kwisikhululo kunye noyilo lwemoto). I-J1772 inqunyelwe kwiNqanaba le-2 ye-AC yokutshaja, kunye nemveliso ephezulu eqhelekileyo19.2 kW.
b. Iindleko zokuFakelo kunye nokuntsonkotha:Ngelixa i-J1772 (iNqanaba 2) ukufakela kuthelekiswa nocingo lwesixhobo esikhulu (i-$ 300–$ 1,000 ye-hardware), i-DCFC (CCS/NACS) indawo yokuthunyelwa imele iprojekthi ebalulekileyo yobunjineli. Iindleko zeprojekthi zizonke (>$100,000 USD) zihlala zilawulwa kuphuculo lwegridi eluncedo, iindleko zesiguquli, kunye nokuvumela okukhethekileyo-izinto ezidlula kude i-$10,000–$40,000 yeendleko zehardware yeyunithi.[NREL Uhlalutyo lweendleko].
c. Uyilo lwesiqhagamshelo
CCS: Idibanisa izikhonkwane ze-J1772 AC kunye nezikhonkwane ezibini ezongezelelweyo ze-DC, ziyenza ibe nkulu kancinane kune-J1772 yokudibanisa i-standard kodwa ivumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu.
I-J1772: Isidibanisi esidityanisiweyo esixhasa ukutshaja kwe-AC ngokukodwa.
d. Ukuhambelana
CCS: Iyahambelana nee-EVs eziyilelwe zombini ukutshaja kwe-AC kunye ne-DC, ingakumbi iluncedo kuhambo olude olufuna ukumisa ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza.
I-J1772: Ihambelana ngokubanzi nazo zonke ii-EVs zaseMntla Melika kunye neePHEV zokutshaja i-AC, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizikhululo zokutshaja zasekhaya kunye neetshaja ze-AC zoluntu.
e. Isicelo
CCS: Ilungele ukutshaja kwekhaya kunye nokutshaja kwesantya esiphezulu ekuhambeni, ilungele ii-EV ezifuna iinketho zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza.
I-J1772: Ifaneleke kakhulu ukutshaja ekhaya okanye emsebenzini, eyona nto ingcono kwitshajiso yasebusuku okanye useto apho isantya singeyonto ibalulekileyo.
f. Ukusebenzisana kweProtocol: SAE J3400 kunye ne-ISO 15118
Umgangatho weCCS uxhomekeke kwi-ISO 15118 (ngokukodwa i-15118-2/20 ye-PLC phezu komgca we-Control Pilot) ukwenza iimpawu ezikhuselekileyo ezifana nePlug kunye neCharge (P & C). Okubaluleke kakhulu, umgangatho we-SAE J3400 uchazwe ngokucacileyo ukuba uhambelana nombane kunye ne-ISO 15118 protocol nge-PLC. Oku kuthetha ukuba izithuthi ezixhotyiswe nge-NACS zinokuxhasa iimpawu ze-P&C kunye ne-V2G (i-Vehicle-to-Grid), ngaphandle kokuba i-backend yesikhululo sokutshaja kunye ne-firmware zihlaziywa ukuze kuphunyezwe ngokupheleleyo i-ISO 15118 protocol ukuxhawula ngesandla kwi-J3400 isihlanganisi. Oku kusebenzisana ngundoqo kwinguqu engenamthungo.
[Inqaku loNcedo oluBonakalayo] Jonga uMfanekiso 1 we-J1772 vs. CCS1 Connector Pinouts
7. Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo
1.Ngaba izithuthi ze-J1772 kuphela (AC) zihlawulisa kwisikhululo seCCS?
Hayi, hayi ngokuthe ngqo kwi-DC yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Ngelixa isiqingatha esiphezulu sezibuko leCCS ilizibuko le-J1772, izikhululo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ze-DC zibonelela kuphela ngompu opheleleyo weCCS (DC). Isithuthi se-J1772 kuphela asinakusebenzisa izikhonkwane ze-DC ezinamandla aphezulu.
2.Ingaba iitshaja zeCCS ziyafumaneka ngokubanzi kwizikhululo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke?
Ewe.Iitshaja zeCCS (CCS1/CCS2) zixhaphakile kwihlabathi jikelele. KuMntla Merika, uthungelwano lubanzi, kwaye izikhululo ezininzi zongeza iziqhagamshelo ze-NACS ecaleni kweCCS1 ukuze zihambelane kwixesha elizayo.
3.Ngaba izithuthi zeTesla zixhasa i-CCS okanye i-J1772?
Izithuthi zikaTesla zisebenzisa isinxibelelanisi seNACS. Bangakwazi ukuhlawula kwizikhululo ze-J1772 (AC) ngokusebenzisa i-adapter, kwaye banokufikelela kwinethiwekhi yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza yeCCS DC usebenzisa i-adapter yeCCS ebonelelwe ngumenzi.
4.Yeyiphi ekhawulezayo: CCS okanye J1772?
I-CCS kunye ne-NACS (J3400) zikhawuleza kakhulu kune-J1772.Oku kungenxa yokuba i-CCS kunye ne-NACS zixhasa iNqanaba lesi-3 le-DC lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa i-J1772 ilinganiselwe kwiNqanaba 1/2 AC ukutshaja okucothayo.
5.Yintoni amandla okutshaja etshaja yeJ1772?
Iishaja ze-J1772 ngokuqhelekileyo zixhasa iNqanaba 1 (120V, 1.4-1.9 kW) kunye neNqanaba 2 (240V, 3.3-19.2 kW) ukutshaja.
6.Ngawaphi amandla okutshaja aphezulu etshaja yeCCS?
Iitshaja zeCCS ngokuqhelekileyo zixhasa amanqanaba ombane ukusuka kwi-50 kW ukuya kuma-350 kW, ngokuxhomekeke kwisikhululo sokutshaja kunye nesithuthi.
7.Zithini iindleko zehardware eziqhelekileyo zeJ1772 kunye neetshaja zeCCS/NACS?
Iiyunithi ze-J1772 zeNqanaba le-2 ngokuqhelekileyo zibiza i-$ 300 - i-$ 1,000 USD (ngaphandle kwee-wiring zokuhlala). Iiyunithi zeDCFC (CCS/NACS) (50–150 kW) zidla ngokuxabisa i-$10,000 – $40,000+ USD (kwiyunithi yehardware kuphela). Qaphela: I-DCFC iyonke yeendleko zeprojekthi ihlala idlula i-$100,000.
8.Ngaba iCCS1 iya kupheliswa eMntla Merika?
I-CCS1 ikwixesha lotshintsho. Ngelixa uninzi lwee-automakers bezibophelele kumazibuko e-NACS ukuqala ngo-2025/2026, iCCS1 iya kuhlala ibalulekile kwizigidi zee-non-Tesla EVs ezikhoyo iminyaka. Uthungelwano lokutshaja lusiya kwisikhululo se-dual-port (CCS1 + NACS).
8.Iindlela zexesha elizayo kunye neeNgcebiso zabasebenzisi
Njengoko imakethi ye-EV iqhubeka nokukhula, indawo yokutshaja iye yahlulwe ngokucacileyo ngummandla kunye nemeko yokusetyenziswa:
•Imigangatho yeHlabathi: CCS2Ihlala ingumgangatho ongeyo-Tesla kulo lonke elaseYurophu nakwezinye iimarike ezinkulu zehlabathi.
•Amantla Emelika: I-SAE J3400 (NACS)ngokukhawuleza iba ngowona mgangatho ubalaseleyo wokutshaja isithuthi sabakhweli ngokukhawuleza, exhaswa phantse ngabo bonke abenzi beemoto abakhulu. I-CCS1 iya kuhlala ibalulekile ngeli xesha lotshintsho.
•Ukutshaja eKhaya: I-SAE J1772(iNqanaba lesi-2) liya kuqhubeka lilawula ikhaya elinexabiso eliphantsi, elibiza kancinci kunye nemarike yendawo yokusebenza ngenxa yendalo yonke kunye nokulula.
Kubathengi, ukhetho luxhomekeke kwindawo. EYurophu, ukuhambelana kweCCS2 kunyanzelekile. ENyakatho Melika, ukukhetha isithuthi ngeI-NACS yomthonyama (J3400)yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yobungqina botyalo-mali lwakho kwixesha elizayo, ngelixa abanini be-non-Tesla bangoku kufuneka bathembele kokukhoyoCCS1inethiwekhi kunye neeadaptha zofikelelo lweSupercharger. Utyekelo lubhekeizikhululo zokutshaja ezinezibuko ezimbiniukukhonza zombini iinqwelo zeCCS zangoku kunye nezithuthi zeNACS zexesha elizayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-31-2024