I-EV yetshaja ye-IP & nemilinganiselo ye-IKzibalulekile kwaye akufuneki ukuba zingahoywa! Izitishi zokutshaja zihlala zisesichengeni sezinto: umoya, imvula, uthuli, kunye neempembelelo zengozi. Ezi zinto zingonakalisa izixhobo kwaye zibeke umngcipheko wokhuseleko. Ungaqinisekisa njani ukuba itshaja yemoto yakho yombane inokumelana nemekobume erhabaxa kunye nezothuso zomzimba, iqinisekisa ukutshaja okukhuselekileyo kunye nokwandisa ubomi bayo? Ukuqonda iireyithingi ze-IP kunye ne-IK kubalulekile. Yimigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe yokulinganisa ukusebenza kokhuselo lwetshaja kwaye inxulumana ngokuthe ngqo nendlela ezomelele kwaye zomelele ngayo isixhobo sakho.
Ukukhetha itshaja ye-EV eyiyo ayikokutshaja nje ngesantya. Izakhono zayo zokukhusela zibaluleke ngokufanayo. Itshaja ekumgangatho ophezulu kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana nezinto, ixhathise ukungena kothuli, kwaye inyamezele ukungqubana okungalindelekanga. Imilinganiselo ye-IP kunye ne-IK yimigangatho ephambili yokuvavanya le midlalo yokukhusela. Benza "njengesuti ekhuselayo" yetshaja, bekuxelela ukuba ziqine kangakanani izixhobo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga intsingiselo yolu kulinganisa kunye nendlela oluchaphazela ngayo ulwazi lwakho lokutshaja kunye nembuyekezo kutyalo-mali.
Inqanaba loKhuseleko lwe-IP: Isitshixo sokuNxhathisa imingeni yokuSingqongileyo
Umlinganiselo we-IP, omfutshane kwi-Ingress Protection Rating, ngumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe olinganisa ukukwazi kwezixhobo zombane ukukhusela ekungeneni kwamasuntswana aqinileyo (njengothuli) kunye nolwelo (njengamanzi). Kuba ngaphandle okanye isiqingatha-ngaphandleIitshaja ze-EV, ukulinganiswa kwe-IP kubaluleke kakhulu njengoko kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nokuthembeka kwesixhobo kunye nobomi.
Ukuqonda iiReyithingi ze-IP: Kuthetha ukuthini uthuli kunye noKhuseleko lwaManzi
Ireyithingi ye-IP idla ngokuba namanani amabini, umzekelo,IP65.
•Idijithi yokuqala: Ibonisa umgangatho wokukhusela isixhobo esinaso amaqhekeza aqinileyo (njengothuli, i-debris), ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-6.
0: Akukho khuseleko.
I-1: Ukukhuselwa kwizinto eziqinileyo ezingaphezu kwe-50 mm.
2: Ukukhuselwa kwizinto eziqinileyo ezingaphezu kwe-12.5 mm.
3: Ukukhuselwa kwizinto eziqinileyo ezingaphezu kwe-2.5 mm.
4: Ukukhuselwa kwizinto eziqinileyo ezingaphezu kwe-1 mm.
5: Uthuli lukhuselwe. Ukungena kothuli akuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa akufanele kuphazamise ukusebenza okwanelisayo kwezixhobo.
6: Kugqunywe uthuli. Akukho ukungena kothuli.
•Idijithi yesibini: Ibonisa inqanaba lokukhusela isixhobo esinolwelo (njengamanzi), ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-9K.
0: Akukho khuseleko.
1: Ukhuseleko kumathontsi amanzi awa ngokuthe nkqo.
2: Ukukhuselwa kumathontsi amanzi athe nkqo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15°.
3: Ukukhuselwa ekutshizeni amanzi.
4: Ukukhuselwa ngokuchasene nokutshizwa kwamanzi.
I-5: Ukukhuselwa kwiijethi zoxinzelelo oluphantsi lwamanzi.
I-6: Ukukhuselwa kwiijethi zoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwamanzi.
7: Ukukhuselwa ekuntywilisweni okwexeshana emanzini (idla ngokuba yimitha e-1 ubunzulu kangangemizuzu engama-30).
8: Ukukhuselwa ekuntywilisweni ngokuqhubekayo emanzini (ngokuqhelekileyo kunzulu kune-1 mitha, ixesha elide).
I-9K: Ukukhuselwa kwi-high-pressure, i-jets ephezulu yokushisa kwamanzi.
| IP Rating | Idijithi yokuqala (Ukhuseleko oluluqilima) | Idijithi yesiBini (uKhuseleko lolwelwe) | Iimeko zeSicelo esiQhelekileyo |
|---|---|---|---|
| IP44 | Ikhuselwe kwizinto eziqinileyo>1mm | Ikhuselwe ekutshizeni kwamanzi | Ngaphakathi okanye indawo ekhuselekileyo ngaphandle |
| IP54 | Uthuli lukhuselwe | Ikhuselwe ekutshizeni kwamanzi | Ngaphakathi okanye indawo ekhuselekileyo ngaphandle |
| IP55 | Uthuli lukhuselwe | Ikhuselwe kwiijethi zoxinzelelo oluphantsi lwamanzi | Isiqingatha sangaphandle, esinokuthi sibe sesichengeni semvula |
| IP65 | Kugqunywe uthuli | Ikhuselwe kwiijethi zoxinzelelo oluphantsi lwamanzi | Ngaphandle, evezwe yimvula nothuli |
| IP66 | Kugqunywe uthuli | Ikhuselwe kwiijethi zoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwamanzi | Ngaphandle, okunokubakho kwimvula enkulu okanye ukuvaswa |
| IP67 | Kugqunywe uthuli | Ikhuselwe ekuntywilisweni okwexeshana emanzini | Ngaphandle, ukuntywila okunokubakho kokufutshane |
Imilinganiselo ye-IP yeTshaja eqhelekileyo ye-EV kunye neemeko zabo zeSicelo
Iimeko zofakelo lweIitshaja ze-EVziyahluka ngokubanzi, ngoko ke iimfuno zeIP ratingsnazo ziyahluka.
•Iitshaja zangaphakathi (umz., zixhonywe eludongeni lwasekhaya): Ngokuqhelekileyo zifuna iireyithingi ze-IP ezisezantsi, ezifanaIP44 or IP54. Ezi tshaja zifakwe kwiigaraji okanye kwiindawo zokupaka ezikhuselweyo, ngokuyintloko zikhusela uthuli oluncinci kunye nokuchaphazwa ngamaxesha athile.
•Iitshaja eziSemi-Outdoor (umzekelo, iindawo zokupaka iimoto, iindawo zokupaka eziphantsi komhlaba): Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhetheIP55 or IP65. Ezi ndawo zinokuchatshazelwa ngumoya, uthuli, nemvula, nto leyo efuna ukhuseleko olungcono lwejethi yamanzi kunye nothuli.
•Iitshaja zoLuntu zaNgaphandle (umz., ecaleni kwendlela, iindawo zenkonzo yendlela enguhola): Kufuneka ukhetheIP65 or IP66. Ezi tshaja zisesichengeni ngokupheleleyo kwiimeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo kwaye zifuna ukumelana nemvula enkulu, izaqhwithi zesanti, kunye nokuhlanjwa koxinzelelo oluphezulu. IP67 ilungele iimeko ezikhethekileyo apho ukuntywiliselwa okwethutyana kunokuthi kwenzeke.
Ukukhetha umlinganiselo ochanekileyo we-IP kuthintela uthuli, imvula, ikhephu, kunye nokufuma ekungeneni ngaphakathi kwetshaja, ngaloo ndlela kuthintelwa iisekethe ezimfutshane, umhlwa, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo. Oku akubandisi nje ubomi betshaja kuphela kodwa kwakhona kunciphisa iindleko zokuyigcina kwaye iqinisekisa ukutshajiswa kwenkonzo eqhubekayo.
Umlinganiselo weMpembelelo ye-IK: Ukukhusela Izixhobo kumonakalo woMzimba
Ireyithingi ye-IK, imfutshane kwi-Impact Protection Rating, ngumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe olinganisa ukuxhathisa kwendawo ebiyelweyo ngokuchasene neempembelelo zoomatshini zangaphandle. Isixelela ukuba isixhobo sesixhobo sinokumelana kangakanani na amandla angonakaliswayo. KubaIitshaja ze-EVkwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, umlinganiselo we-IK ubaluleke ngokulinganayo njengoko unxulumene nokomelela kwesixhobo ngokuchasene nokungqubana ngengozi okanye ukonakaliswa okunonya.
Ukuqonda iiReyithingi ze-IK: Ukulinganisa uKuchasa iMpembelelo
Ukalisho lwe-IK ludla ngokuba namanani amabini, umzekelo,IK08. Ibonisa amandla empembelelo isixhobo esinokumelana nayo, silinganiswa ngeeJoules (Joule).
•IK00: Akukho khuseleko.
•IK01: Inokumelana nempembelelo ye-0.14 Joules (elingana ne-0.25 kg into ewela kwi-56 mm ubude).
•IK02: Inokumelana nempembelelo ye-0.2 Joules (elingana ne-0.25 kg into ewa ukusuka kwi-80 mm ubude).
•IK03: Inokumelana nempembelelo ye-0.35 Joules (elingana ne-0.25 kg into ewela kwi-140 mm ubude).
•IK04: Inokumelana nempembelelo ye-0.5 Joules (elingana ne-0.25 kg into ewa ukusuka kwi-200 mm ubude).
•IK05: Inokumelana nempembelelo ye-0.7 Joules (elingana ne-0.25 kg into ewa ukusuka kwi-280 mm ubude).
•IK06: Inokumelana nempembelelo ye-1 Joule (elingana ne-0.5 kg into ewa ukusuka kwi-200 mm ubude).
•IK07: Inokumelana nempembelelo ye-2 Joules (elingana ne-0.5 kg into ewela kwi-400 mm ubude).
•IK08: Inokumelana nempembelelo ye-5 Joules (elingana ne-1.7 kg into ewa ukusuka kwi-300 mm ubude).
•IK09: Inokumelana nempembelelo ye-10 Joules (elingana ne-5 kg into ewa ukusuka kwi-200 mm ubude).
•IK10: Inokumelana nempembelelo ye-20 Joules (elingana ne-5 kg into ewa ukusuka kwi-400 mm ubude).
| Ireyithingi ye-IK | Amandla anempembelelo (Joules) | Ubunzima beNto enempembelelo (kg) | Ubude beMpembelelo (mm) | Umzekelo wemeko eqhelekileyo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IK00 | Akukho nanye | - | - | Akukho khuselo |
| IK05 | 0.7 | 0.25 | 280 | Ukungqubana okuncinci kwangaphakathi |
| IK07 | 2 | 0.5 | 400 | Iindawo zoluntu zangaphakathi |
| IK08 | 5 | 1.7 | 300 | Iindawo zoluntu ezingaphandle, iimpembelelo ezincinci zinokwenzeka |
| IK10 | 20 | 5 | 400 | Iindawo zikawonke-wonke zangaphandle, ukonakaliswa okunokwenzeka okanye ukungqubana kwezithuthi |
Kutheni i-EV Charger ifuna uKhuseleko oluPhakamileyo lwe-IK?
Iitshaja ze-EV, ngakumbi ezo zifakwe kwiindawo zoluntu, zijongene nemingcipheko eyahlukeneyo yomonakalo womzimba. Le mingcipheko inokuvela:
•Ukungqubana ngengozi: Kwiindawo zokupaka, izithuthi zinokubetha ngempazamo kwizikhululo zokutshaja ngelixa zipakisha okanye zihamba.
•Ukonakalisa ngenkohlakalo: Amaziko kawonke-wonke ngamanye amaxesha anokuthi ajongwe kubamoshi; umgangatho ophezulu we-IK unokuxhathisa ngokufanelekileyo ukubetha ngabom, ukukhaba, kunye nezinye iindlela zokuziphatha eziyingozi.
•Imozulu egqithisileyo: Kweminye imimandla, isichotho okanye ezinye izinto zendalo zinokubangela impembelelo yomzimba kwisixhobo.
Ukukhetha iItshaja ye-EVnge highIreyithingi ye-IK, njengeIK08 or IK10, kwandisa kakhulu ukuxhathisa kwezixhobo kumonakalo. Oku kuthetha ukuba emva kwempembelelo, amacandelo angaphakathi kunye nemisebenzi yetshaja ingahlala injalo. Oku akuqinisekisi kuphela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwesixhobo, ukunciphisa ukuphindaphinda ukulungiswa kunye nokutshintshwa, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu, kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomsebenzisi ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Isikhululo sokutshaja esonakeleyo sinokubeka imingcipheko efana nokuvuza kombane okanye iisekethe ezimfutshane, kwaye umlinganiselo ophezulu we-IK unokunciphisa ezi ngozi.
Ukukhetha i-IP ye-EV yeTshaja eLungileyo kunye ne-IK yokukala: Iingqwalasela eziBanzi
Ngoku ukuba uyayiqonda intsingiselo yokulinganisa kwe-IP kunye ne-IK, ukhetha njani inqanaba lokhuseleko elifanelekileyo lakhoItshaja ye-EV? Oku kufuna ingqwalasela ebanzi yendawo yokufakela itshaja, iimeko zokusetyenziswa, kunye nezinto ozilindeleyo kubomi besixhobo kunye neendleko zokusigcina.
Impembelelo yokuFakelo lweNdawo kunye neemeko zokuSetyenziswa kuKhetho loHlelo
Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zofakelo kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zeIP & IK ukukala.
•IiNdawo zokuHlala zaBucala (Igaraji yaNgaphakathi):
IP Rating: IP44 or IP54idla ngokwaneleyo. Iindawo zangaphakathi zinothuli oluncinci kunye nokufuma, ngoko ke amanzi aphezulu kakhulu kunye nokukhuselwa kothuli akufuneki.
Ireyithingi ye-IK: IK05 or IK07yanele iimpembelelo ezincinci zemihla ngemihla, ezifana nezixhobo eziwiswe ngempazamo okanye amaqhuma ngempazamo ngexesha lokudlala kwabantwana.
Ukuqwalasela: Ijolise ikakhulu ekuhlawuleni lula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.
•IiNdawo zokuHlala zaBucala (Indlela yaNgaphandle okanye iNdawo yokuPaka eVulekileyo):
IP Rating: KungconoIP65kuyacetyiswa. Itshaja iya kuboniswa ngokuthe ngqo kwimvula, ikhephu, kunye nokukhanya kwelanga, ifuna ukukhuselwa okupheleleyo kothuli kunye nokukhuselwa kwiijethi zamanzi.
Ireyithingi ye-IK: IK08kuyacetyiswa. Ukongeza kwizinto zendalo, ukungqubana okunokwenzeka ngengozi (njengemikrwelo yesithuthi) okanye umonakalo wezilwanyana kufuneka uqwalaselwe.
Ukuqwalasela: Ifuna ukuguquguquka okunamandla kokusingqongileyo kunye nenqanaba elithile lokuchasa impembelelo yomzimba.
•IiNdawo zoRhwebo (IiNdawo zokuPaka, iiNdawo zokuthenga):
IP Rating: KungconoIP65. Ezi ndawo ziqhelekile ukuba zivuleleke ngokwesiqingatha okanye iindawo ezivulekileyo, apho iitshaja ziya kuchanabeka eluthulini nasemvuleni.
Ireyithingi ye-IK: IK08 or IK10kucetyiswa ngamandla. Iindawo zikawonke-wonke zineenyawo eziphezulu kunye nokuhamba rhoqo kwezithuthi, okukhokelela kumngcipheko ophezulu wokutshayisana ngengozi okanye ukonakalisa. Ukulinganisa okuphezulu kwe-IK kunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo iindleko zokulondolozwa kunye nexesha lokuphumla.
Ukuqwalasela: Igxininisa ukomelela kwesixhobo, ukuthembeka, kunye nesakhono sokuchasa ukonakaliswa.
•Izikhululo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke (Ezisecaleni kwendlela, IiNdawo zeeNkonzo zohola wendlela):
IP Rating: MayibeIP65 or IP66. Ezi tshaja zivezwe ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kwaye zinokujongana nemozulu embi kunye nokuhlanjwa kwamanzi anoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
Ireyithingi ye-IK: IK10kucetyiswa ngamandla. Izikhululo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke ziindawo ezisemngciphekweni omkhulu ezithanda ukonakala okanye ukungqubana okumandla kwezithuthi. Elona nqanaba liphezulu lokhuseleko lwe-IK liqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwezixhobo eziphezulu.
Ukuqwalasela: Inqanaba eliphezulu lokukhusela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwiindawo ezinzima kunye nemingcipheko ephezulu.
•IiNdawo eziKhethekileyo (umzekelo, iMimandla engaseluNxwemeni, iMimandla yoShishino):
Ukongeza kumazinga e-IP asemgangathweni kunye ne-IK, ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo ngokuchasene nomhlwa kunye nesitshizi setyuwa sinokufuneka. Ezi ndawo zifuna iimfuno eziphezulu zemathiriyeli yetshaja kunye nokutywinwa.
Impembelelo ye-IP & ne-IK yoNqatho kwiTshaja yoBomi kunye noLondolozo
Ukutyala imali kwiItshaja ye-EVngokufanelekileyoIP & IK amanqakuasikokuhlangabezana neemfuno zangoku; lutyalo-mali lwexesha elide kwiindleko zokusebenza kwixesha elizayo kunye nobomi besixhobo.
•Ubomi beSixhobo esondisiweyo: Ireyithingi ephezulu ye-IP ikhusela ngokufanelekileyo uthuli kunye nokufuma ekungeneni ngaphakathi kwetshaja, ukuthintela imiba efana nokubola kwebhodi yesekethe kunye neesekethe ezimfutshane, ngaloo ndlela yandisa kakhulu ubomi betshaja. Umgangatho ophezulu we-IK ukhusela izixhobo ekonakalisweni ngokomzimba, ukunciphisa ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi okanye umonakalo wecandelo obangelwa yimpembelelo. Oku kuthetha ukuba itshaja yakho inokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo ixesha elide ngaphandle kokutshintshwa rhoqo.
• Iindleko zokuNcitshiswa: Iishaja ezinomlinganiselo wokukhusela onganelanga ziyakwazi ukungasebenzi kakuhle, okukhokelela ekulungiseni rhoqo kunye nokutshintshwa kwecandelo. Ngokomzekelo, itshaja yangaphandle enezinga eliphantsi le-IP inokusilela emva kweemvula ezimbalwa ngenxa yokungena kwamanzi. Isikhululo sokutshaja sikawonke-wonke esinomlinganiselo ophantsi we-IK unokufuna ukulungiswa okuxabisa imali eninzi emva kongquzulwano olungephi. Ukukhetha umgangatho ofanelekileyo wokukhusela kunokunciphisa kakhulu oku kusilela okungalindelekanga kunye neemfuno zokugcinwa, ngaloo ndlela kuthoba iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwazo zonke.
•Ukwandiswa kokuthembeka kweNkonzo: Kwizikhululo zokutshaja zorhwebo nezoluntu, ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweetshaja kubalulekile. Izinga lokhuseleko oluphezulu lithetha ixesha lokuphumla elingaphantsi ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle, ukuvumela ukuba kuqhutyekwe neenkonzo zokutshaja ezithembekileyo kubasebenzisi. Oku akuphuculi ukwaneliseka kwabasebenzisi kuphela kodwa kuzisa ingeniso ezinzileyo kubaqhubi.
•Ukhuseleko lomsebenzisi oluqinisekisiweyo: Itshaja ezonakeleyo zinokubeka iingozi zokhuseleko njengokuvuza kombane okanye ukothuka kombane. Iireyithingi ze-IP kunye ne-IK ziqinisekisa ngokusisiseko ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo kunye nokhuseleko lombane lwetshaja. Itshaja engangenwa luthuli, engenamanzi, kunye nefuthe elingangenwa yimpembelelo inokunciphisa umngcipheko weengozi zokhuseleko ezibangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesixhobo, ukunika abasebenzisi indawo ekhuselekileyo yokutshaja.
Ngamafutshane, xa ukhetha iItshaja ye-EV, ungaze uyibethe ngoyabaIP & IK amanqaku. Zisisiseko sokuqinisekisa ukuba itshaja isebenza ngokukhuselekileyo, ngokuthembekileyo, nangokufanelekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
Kwimeko yemoto yombane eyandayo namhlanje, ukuqonda kunye nokukhethaIitshaja ze-EVngokufanelekileyoIP & IK amanqakuibalulekile. Imilinganiselo ye-IP ikhusela iishaja kuthuli kunye nokungena kwamanzi, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabo lombane kunye nokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu. Iireyithingi ze-IK, kwelinye icala, zilinganisa ukuxhathisa kwetshaja kwiimpembelelo zenyama, okubaluleke ngakumbi kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukungqubana kwengozi kunye nomonakalo ombi.
Ukuvavanya ngokufanelekileyo indawo yofakelo kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa, kunye nokukhetha i-IP efunekayo kunye neereyithingi ze-IK, akusayi kwandisa kakhuluItshaja ye-EVixesha lokuphila kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokugcina kunye nokubuyisela kodwa kwakhona ukubonelela abasebenzisi ngokuqhubekayo, okukhuselekileyo, kunye namava okutshaja athembekileyo. Njengomthengi okanyeUmqhubi weNdawo yokuTyala, ukwenza ukhetho olunolwazi kukubeka isiseko esiqinileyo kwikamva lokuhamba kombane.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-06-2025