Ukuvula iiNtlawulo zokuTshaja ze-EV: Ukusuka kwiTephu yoMqhubi ukuya kwiNgeniso yoMsebenzi
Ukuhlawulela intlawulo yesithuthi sombane kubonakala kulula. Uyatsala, uxhume, ucofe ikhadi okanye usetyenziso, kwaye usendleleni. Kodwa emva kwaloo mpompo ilula lihlabathi elintsonkothileyo letekhnoloji, isicwangciso seshishini, kunye nezigqibo ezibalulekileyo.
Kumqhubi, ukwaziindlela yokuhlawula i-ev yokutshajaimalunga nokulula. Kodwa kumnini weshishini, umphathi wezithuthi, okanye umqhubi wesikhululo sokutshaja, ukuqonda le nkqubo sisitshixo sokwakha ishishini elinengeniso kunye nobungqina bexesha elizayo.
Siza kutsala umkhusane. Okokuqala, siza kugubungela iindlela zokuhlawula ezilula ezisetyenziswa ngumqhubi ngamnye. Emva koko, siya kuntywila kwincwadi yokudlala yabaqhubi-ujongo oluneenkcukacha kwihardware, isoftware, kunye nezicwangciso ezifunekayo ukwakha inethiwekhi yokutshaja eyimpumelelo.
Icandelo 1: Isikhokelo soMqhubi-Iindlela ezi-3 eziLula zokuHlawula iNtlawulo
Ukuba ungumqhubi we-EV, unokhetho oluninzi olulula lokuhlawulela intlawulo yakho. Uninzi lwezikhululo zokutshaja zanamhlanje zibonelela ubuncinane enye yeendlela ezilandelayo, okwenza inkqubo ihambe kakuhle kwaye iqikeleleke.
Indlela yoku-1: I-App ye-Smartphone
Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuhlawula kukusebenzisa i-app yeselula ezinikeleyo. Yonke inethiwekhi enkulu yokutshaja, njenge-Electrify America, EVgo, kunye neChargePoint, ine-app yayo.
Inkqubo ithe ngqo. Ukhuphela usetyenziso, wenze iakhawunti, kwaye uqhagamshele indlela yokuhlawula njengekhadi letyala okanye iApple Pay. Xa ufika esitishini, usebenzisa i-app ukuskena ikhowudi ye-QR kwitshaja okanye ukhethe inombolo yesitishi kwimephu. Oku kuqalisa ukuhamba kombane, kwaye i-app ikuhlawula ngokuzenzekelayo xa ugqibile.
•Iinzuzo:Kulula ukulandelela imbali yakho yokutshaja kunye neendleko.
•Iingxaki:Unokufuna ii -apps ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ukuba usebenzisa iinethiwekhi ezininzi zokutshaja, ezikhokelela "kwi-app yokudinwa."
Indlela yesi-2: Ikhadi le-RFID
Kwabo bakhetha indlela yomzimba, ikhadi le-RFID (i-Radio-Frequency Identification) lukhetho oludumileyo. Eli likhadi leplastiki elilula, elifana nekhadi lesitshixo sehotele, elidityaniswe neakhawunti yakho yenethiwekhi yokutshaja.
Endaweni yokuphuthaphutha kwifowuni yakho, ucofa nje ikhadi le-RFID kwindawo echongiweyo kwitshaja. Inkqubo ibona kwangoko iakhawunti yakho kwaye iqalisa iseshoni. Le ikholisa ukuba yeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo nethembekileyo yokuqalisa intlawulo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinenkonzo yeeseli ezilambathayo.
•Iinzuzo:Ikhawuleza kakhulu kwaye isebenza ngaphandle kwefowuni okanye uqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi.
•Iingxaki:Kufuneka uphathe ikhadi elahlukileyo kuthungelwano ngalunye, kwaye kunokuba lula ukulibeka kakubi.
Indlela yesi-3: Ikhadi leTyala / Tap-to-Pay
Olona khetho lukazwelonke kunye nolulungele iindwendwe yintlawulo yekhadi letyala ngqo. Izikhululo zokutshaja ezitsha, ngakumbi iitshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC ecaleni koohola bendlela, ziya ngokuya zixhotyiswa ngezixhobo zokufunda zekhadi letyala.
Oku kusebenza kanye njengokuhlawula kwimpompo yegesi. Ungacofa ikhadi lakho elingaqhagamshelwanga, usebenzise isipaji esiphathwayo sefowuni yakho, okanye ufake ikhadi lakho letshiphu ukuze uhlawule. Le ndlela igqibelele kubaqhubi abafuni ukubhalisela ubulungu okanye ukukhuphela enye app. Inkqubo yenkxaso-mali ye-NEVI karhulumente wase-US ngoku igunyazisa eli nqaku kwiitshaja ezixhaswa ngemali ngumanyano omtsha ukuphucula ukufikeleleka.
•Iinzuzo:Akukho bhaliso lufunekayo, luqondwa jikelele.
•Iingxaki:Ayikafumaneki kuzo zonke izikhululo zokutshaja, ngakumbi iitshaja zeNqanaba 2 ezindala.
Icandelo 2: I-Operator's Playbook - Ukwakha iNkqubo yeNtlawulo yokuTshaja ye-EV eneNzuzo
Ngoku, masitshintshe iimbono. Ukuba ubeka iitshaja kwishishini lakho, umbuzoindlela yokuhlawula i-ev yokutshajaiba nzima ngakumbi. Kufuneka wakhe inkqubo eyenza impompo elula yomqhubi yenzeke. Ukhetho lwakho luya kuchaphazela ngqo iindleko zakho zangaphambili, ingeniso yokusebenza, kunye nokwaneliseka kwabathengi.
Ukukhetha izixhobo zakho: Isigqibo seHardware
Isigqibo esikhulu sokuqala kukuba yeyiphi i-hardware yentlawulo oza kuyifaka kwiitshaja zakho. Inketho nganye iza neendleko ezahlukeneyo, izibonelelo, kunye nobunzima.
•Iziphene zeKhadi leTyala:Ukufakela i-EMV-certified credit card reader ngumgangatho wegolide wokubizwa kwentlawulo yoluntu. Ezi terminals, ezivela kubavelisi abathenjiweyo abanje ngeNayax okanye i-Ingenico, zibonelela ngofikelelo olulindelwe ngabathengi. Nangona kunjalo, lolona khetho lubiza kakhulu kwaye lufuna ukuba uthobele imithetho engqongqo ye-PCI DSS (iMigangatho yoKhuseleko lweKhadi loShishino lwePayment Card) ukukhusela idatha yomnini-khadi.
•RFID Readers:Ezi zisisombululo esingabizi kakhulu, ngakumbi kwiindawo zabucala okanye ezizimeleyo njengeendawo zokusebenza okanye izakhiwo zokuhlala. Unokwenza inkqubo evaliweyo apho amalungu agunyazisiweyo kuphela anekhadi le-RFID yenkampani yakho anokufikelela kwiitshaja. Oku kwenza ulawulo lube lula kodwa lunciphisa ukufikelela koluntu.
• IiNkqubo zeKhowudi yeQR:Le yeyona ndawo yokungena inexabiso eliphantsi. Isincamathelisi esilula, esomeleleyo sekhowudi ye-QR kwitshaja nganye sinokukhokelela abasebenzisi kwi-portal yewebhu ukufaka iinkcukacha zabo zentlawulo. Oku kuphelisa iindleko zehardware yokuhlawula kodwa kwenza umsebenzisi abe noxanduva lokuba ne-smartphone esebenzayo kunye noqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi.
Uninzi lwabaqhubi abaphumeleleyo basebenzisa indlela edibeneyo. Ukunikezela ngazo zontathu iindlela kuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mthengi ujikiswayo.
| Hardware Intlawulo | Iindleko zangaphambili | Amava omsebenzisi | Ukuntsokotha komSebenzi | Eyona meko yokusetyenziswa |
| Isifundi seKhadi leTyala | Phezulu | Egqwesileyo(Ufikelelo jikelele) | Phezulu (Ifuna ukuthotyelwa kwePCI) | Iitshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC zikawonke-wonke, iiNdawo zoRhwebo |
| I-RFID Reader | Phantsi | Kulungile(Ukukhawuleza kumalungu) | Phakathi (Umsebenzisi kunye nolawulo lwekhadi) | Iindawo zokusebenzela, iiApartments, iiNdawo zokugcinwa kweeFlethi |
| Ikhowudi yeQR Kuphela | Isezantsi kakhulu | Mhle(Uxhomekeke kwifowuni yomsebenzisi) | Phantsi (Ukakhulu usekwe kwisoftware) | Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 leTrafikhi ephantsi, uFakelo lweBhajethi |
Ubuchopho boMsebenzi: UkuLungiswa kweNtlawulo kunye neSoftware
I-hardware ebonakalayo sisiqwengana esinye sephazili. Isoftware esebenza ngasemva yeyona ilawula ngokwenene ukusebenza kwakho kunye nengeniso.
•Yintoni i-CSMS?Inkqubo yoLawulo lwesiKhululo sokuTjaja (CSMS) liziko lakho lemiyalelo. Liqonga lesoftware esekwe kwilifu eliqhagamshela kwiitshaja zakho. Ukusuka kwideshibhodi enye, unokuseta amaxabiso, ubeke iliso kwisimo sesikhululo, ulawule abasebenzisi, kwaye ujonge iingxelo zemali.
•Amasango eNtlawulo:Xa umthengi ehlawula ngekhadi letyala, loo ntengiselwano kufuneka iqhutywe ngokukhuselekileyo. Isango lokuhlawula, elifana neStripe okanye iBraintree, lisebenza njengophakathi okhuselekileyo. Kuthatha ulwazi lwentlawulo kwitshaja, inxibelelana neebhanki, kwaye ifake imali kwiakhawunti yakho.
•Amandla e-OCPP:IVula iProtokholi yeNdawo yokuTyala (OCPP)sesona sifinyezo sibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyazi. Lulwimi oluvulekileyo oluvumela iitshaja kunye nesoftware yolawulo evela kubavelisi abohlukeneyo ukuba bathethe omnye komnye. Ukugxininisa kwiitshaja ezithobela i-OCPP akunakuxoxisana. Ikunika inkululeko yokutshintsha isoftware yakho ye-CSMS kwixa elizayo ngaphandle kokutshintsha yonke ihardware yakho ebizayo, ikuthintele ekubeni uvalelwe kumthengisi omnye.
UbuCwangciso bamaxabiso kunye neeModeli zeNgeniso
Nje ukuba inkqubo yakho imiselwe, kufuneka wenze isigqiboindlela yokuhlawula i-ev yokutshajaiinkonzo ozinikezelayo. Amaxabiso ahlakaniphile ngundoqo kwinzuzo.
•Nge-kWh (iKilowatt-yure):Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo necacileyo. Uhlawulisa abathengi ngeyona mali ichanekileyo abayisebenzisayo, njengenkampani yombane.
•Ngomzuzu/Ngeyure:Ukutshaja ngexesha kulula ukuphumeza. Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukukhuthaza ukuguqulwa, ukuthintela iimoto ezihlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo ukuba zibambe indawo. Nangona kunjalo, inokuziva ingalunganga kubanini bee-EVs ezihlawulisa kancinci kancinci.
•Imirhumo yeseshoni:Unokongeza umrhumo omncinci, othe tyaba ekuqaleni kweseshoni yokutshaja nganye ukuhlawula iindleko zentengiselwano.
Ukufumana ingeniso ephezulu, qwalasela amaqhinga aphambili:
•Amaxabiso atshintshayo:Lungisa ngokuzenzekelayo amaxabiso akho ngokusekelwe kwixesha lemini okanye imfuno yangoku kwigridi yombane. Tyala ngaphezulu ngexesha leeyure eziphakamileyo kwaye unikezele ngezaphulelo ngamaxesha angekho phezulu.
•Ubulungu & nemirhumo:Nikeza umrhumo wenyanga ngexabiso elimiselweyo lokubiza okanye amaxabiso athotyiweyo. Oku kudala ingeniso eqikelelwayo, eqhubekayo.
•Imirhumo yokungasebenzi:Olu luphawu olubalulekileyo. Ukuhlawula ngokuzenzekelayo umrhumo womzuzu ngamnye kubaqhubi abashiya imoto yabo iplagiwe emva kokuba iseshoni yabo yokutshaja igqityiwe. Oku kugcina izikhululo zakho ezixabisekileyo zifumaneka kumthengi olandelayo.
Ukudiliza iindonga: ukusebenzisana kunye nokuhambahamba
Khawucinge ukuba ikhadi lakho le-ATM lisebenza kuphela kwii-ATM zebhanki yakho. Kuya kuba nzima kakhulu. Ingxaki efanayo ikhona kwi-EV yokutshaja. Umqhubi oneakhawunti yeChargePoint akanakusisebenzisa ngokulula isitishi se-EVgo.
Isisombululo kukuzulazula. Ii-hubs ezizulazulayo njenge-Hubject kunye ne-Gireve zisebenza njengendawo yokucoca esembindini yeshishini lokutshaja. Ngokuqhagamshela izikhululo zakho zokutshaja kwiqonga lokuzulazula, uzenza zifikeleleke kubaqhubi abavela kumakhulu ezinye iinethiwekhi.
Xa umthengi ojikelezayo eplagi kwisikhululo sakho, i-hub iyabachonga, igunyazise intlawulo, kwaye iphathe ukuhlawulwa kwentlawulo phakathi kwenethiwekhi yasekhaya kunye nawe. Ukujoyina inethiwekhi ejikelezayo ngoko nangoko kwandisa isiseko sakho sabathengi kwaye kubeka isitishi sakho kwimephu kumawaka abaqhubi abangakumbi.
Ikamva liziSebenzisa: Iplagi kunye nokuTshaja (ISO 15118)
Inguquko elandelayo kwiindlela yokuhlawula i-ev yokutshajaiya kwenza inkqubo ingabonakali ngokupheleleyo. Le teknoloji ibizwa ngokuba yiPlug & Charge, kwaye isekelwe kumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe owaziwa ngokubaISO 15118.
Nantsi indlela esebenza ngayo: isatifikethi sedijithali, esiqulethe isazisi sesithuthi kunye nolwazi lokuhlawula, sigcinwe ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphakathi emotweni. Xa uplaga imoto kwitshaja ehambelanayo, imoto kunye netshaja zibambana ngezandla ngokukhuselekileyo. Itshaja iyazichaza ngokuzenzekelayo isithuthi, igunyazise iseshoni, kwaye ihlawule i-akhawunti kwifayile-akukho app, ikhadi, okanye ifowuni efunekayo.
Abavelisi beemoto abafana nePorsche, Mercedes-Benz, Ford, kunye noLucid sele besakha obu buchule kwizithuthi zabo. Njengomsebenzisi, ukutyala imali kwiitshaja ezixhasa i-ISO 15118 kubalulekile. Ibonisa ubungqina botyalo-mali lwakho kwixesha elizayo kwaye yenza isitishi sakho sibe yindawo yokufikela yeprimiyamu kubanini bezona EVs zintsha.
Intlawulo ingaphezulu kwentengiselwano-Ngamava akho oMthengi
Kuba umqhubi, amava intlawulo efanelekileyo yenye akuyomfuneko ukuba bacinge ngayo. Kuwe, umsebenzisi, yinkqubo eyakhiwe ngononophelo eyenzelwe ukuthembeka, ukuguquguquka, kunye nenzuzo.
Iqhinga lokuphumelela licacile. Nikeza iinketho zokuhlawula eziguquguqukayo (ikhadi letyala, i-RFID, i-app) ukunceda wonke umthengi namhlanje. Yakha inethiwekhi yakho kwisiseko esivulekileyo, esingesosomnini (OCPP) ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulawula ikamva lakho. Kwaye utyale imali kwihardware elungele itekhnoloji ezenzekelayo, engenamthungo yangomso (ISO 15118).
Inkqubo yakho yokuhlawula ayiyorejista nje yemali. Yeyona ndlela iphambili yokuxhawula isandla yedijithali phakathi kwebhrendi yakho kunye nomthengi wakho. Ngokuyenza ikhuseleke, ilula, kwaye ithembekile, uyakha ukuthembana okuzisa abaqhubi kwakhona kwaye kwakhona.
Imithombo egunyazisiweyo
1.IMigangatho yeNkqubo yeZibonelelo zoMbane zeSizwe (NEVI):ISebe lezoThutho lase-US. (2024).Umgaqo wokugqibela: iMigangatho yeSizwe soMbane weZibonelelo zoMbane kunye neeMfuno.
•Ikhonkco: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/nevi/
2.Umgangatho woKhuseleko lweDatha yoShishino lwekhadi leNtlawulo (PCI DSS):IBhunga leMigangatho yoKhuseleko yePCI.PCI DSS v4.x.
•Ikhonkco: https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/document_library/
3.I-Wikipedia - ISO 15118
•Ikhonkco: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_15118
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-27-2025