I-revolution yemoto yombane ayikho nje ngeemoto. Imalunga neziseko ezingundoqo ezinkulu ezibanika amandla. I-Arhente yezaMandla yaMazwe ngaMazwe (IEA) inika ingxelo yokuba iindawo zokuhlawulisa uluntu jikelele zingaphaya kwezigidi ezi-4 ngo-2024, inani ekulindeleke ukuba liphindaphindeke kule minyaka ilishumi. Embindini wale bhiliyoni zeedola ze-ecosystem yiI-Charge Point Operator(CPO).
Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye i-CPO, kwaye le ndima imele njani elinye lawona mathuba oshishino amakhulu kwixesha lethu?
I-Charge Point Operator ngumnini kunye nomlawuli wothungelwano lwezikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV. Ziyintsika ethe cwaka, ebalulekileyo yokuhamba kombane. Baqinisekisa ukuba ukususela xa umqhubi eplagi, amandla ahamba ngokuthembekileyo kwaye ukuthengiselana akunamthungo.
Esi sikhokelo sesomtyali-mali ocinga phambili, usomashishini onebhongo, kunye nomnini wepropathi onolwazi. Siza kuphonononga indima ebalulekileyo yeCPO, sicazulule iimodeli zoshishino, kwaye sinikezele ngesicwangciso senyathelo nenyathelo lokungena kule marike inengeniso.
Indima enguNdoqo yeCPO kwi-EV Charging Ecosystem
Ukuze uqonde i-CPO, kufuneka uqale uqonde indawo yayo kwihlabathi lokutshaja. I-ecosystem inabadlali abaphambili abaliqela, kodwa abona babalulekileyo nabahlala bebhidekile yi-CPO kunye ne-EMSP.
CPO vs. eMSP: Umahluko obalulekileyo
Yicinge njengothungelwano lweselfowuni. Enye inkampani iphethe kwaye igcina iinqaba zeseli ezibonakalayo (i-CPO), ngelixa enye inkampani ibonelela ngesicwangciso senkonzo kunye ne-app kuwe, umsebenzisi (i-EMSP).
•UMsebenzi weNdawo yokuTyala (CPO) - "Umnini-mhlaba":I-CPO ingumnini kwaye ilawula i-hardware yokutshaja ebonakalayo kunye nezibonelelo. Banoxanduva lokugqiba itshaja, ukugcinwa, kunye noqhagamshelo kwigridi yamandla. "Umthengi" wabo uhlala e-EMSP efuna ukunika abaqhubi babo ukufikelela kwezi tshaja.
Umboneleli ngeNkonzo ye-eMobility (eMSP) - "Umboneleli weNkonzo":I-EMSP igxile kumqhubi we-EV. Banikezela nge-app, ikhadi le-RFID, okanye inkqubo yokuhlawula abaqhubi abayisebenzisayo ukuqala nokuhlawula iseshoni yokuhlawula. Iinkampani ezifana nePlugShare okanye iShell Recharge ikakhulu ziiEMSPs.
Umqhubi we-EV usebenzisa i-app ye-EMSP ukufumana nokuhlawula intlawulo kwisikhululo esiphethwe kwaye siqhutywa yi-CPO. I-CPO iye ihlawule i-EMSP, ethi yona ihlawulise umqhubi. Ezinye iinkampani ezinkulu zisebenza njenge CPO kunye ne eMSP.
Uxanduva olungundoqo lwabaSebenzi beeNdawo zokuTyala
Ukuba yiCPO kungaphezulu kunokubeka nje itshaja emhlabeni. Indima ibandakanya ukulawula ubomi obupheleleyo be-asethi etshajayo.
•I-Hardware kunye noFakelo:Oku kuqala ngokukhetha indawo yobuchule. Ii-CPO zihlalutya iipatheni zendlela kunye nemfuno yasekuhlaleni ukufumana iindawo ezinengeniso. Emva koko bathenga kwaye balawule ukufakwa kweetshaja, inkqubo enzima ebandakanya iimvume kunye nomsebenzi wombane.
•Ukusebenza kweNethiwekhi kunye noLondolozo:Itshaja eyaphukileyo ilahlekelwe yingeniso. Ii-CPO zinoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ixesha eliphezulu, apho uphando lweSebe lezaMandla lase-US lubonisa ukuba yinto ephambili yokwaneliseka kwabaqhubi. Oku kufuna ukubekwa esweni okude, ukuxilongwa, kunye nokuthumela amagcisa ukuze alungiswe kwindawo.
•Amaxabiso kunye nokuBhala: Abaqhubi beendawo zokuhlawulisamisela ixabiso leeseshoni zokuhlawula. Oku kunokuba yikhilowatt-yure nganye (kWh), ngomzuzu ngamnye, yintlawulo yeseshoni esicaba, okanye indibaniselwano. Balawula amatyala anzima phakathi kothungelwano lwabo kunye nee-EMSP ezahlukeneyo.
•Ulawulo lweSoftware:Le yingqondo yedijithali yokusebenza. IiCPO zisebenzisa ubugocigociisoftware yomsebenzisi wendawo yentlawulo, eyaziwa ngokuba yiNkqubo yoLawulo lweSikhululo sokuTshaja (CSMS), ukongamela inethiwekhi yabo yonke ukusuka kwideshibhodi enye.
IModeli yoShishino lwe-CPO: Bayenza Njani imali abaSebenzi beeNgcaciso zeNtlawulo?
Iimodeli yoshishino yomqhubi wendawo yentlawuloiyakhula, ihamba ngaphaya kwentengiso yamandla elula ukuya kwisixa sengeniso esahlukileyo. Ukuqonda le mijelo yengeniso ngundoqo ekwakheni inethiwekhi enenzuzo.
INgeniso yokuTshaja ngokuNgqo
Lo ngowona mthombo wengeniso ocacileyo. I-CPO ithenga umbane kwi-utility kwi-wholesale rate kwaye ithengise kumqhubi we-EV kwi-markup. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba iindleko zombane ezidibeneyo ze-CPO ziyi-$ 0.15/kWh kwaye zithengisa nge-$ 0.45 / kWh, zivelisa umda omkhulu kumandla ngokwawo.
Imirhumo yokuzulazula kunye nokuSebenzisana
Akukho CPO inokuba kuyo yonke indawo. Yiyo loo nto besayina "izivumelwano zokuzulazula" kunye nee-EMSPs, bevumela abathengi bomnye umnikezeli ukuba basebenzise iitshaja zabo. Oku kwenziwa ukuba kwenzeke ngemigangatho evulekileyo njengeProtokholi yeNdawo yokuTyala eVulekileyo (OCPP). Xa umqhubi osuka eMSP "A" esebenzisa itshaja yeCPO "B", iCPO "B" ifumana umrhumo kuMSP "A" ngokuququzelela iseshoni.
Imirhumo yeSeshini kunye nemirhumo
Ukongeza kwiintengiso zamandla, ii-CPO ezininzi zihlawulisa umrhumo osicaba ukuqalisa iseshoni (umzekelo, i-$ 1.00 yokuplaga). Basenokunikela nangezicwangciso zomrhumo wenyanga okanye wonyaka. Ngomrhumo osicaba, ababhalisi bafumana amaxabiso aphantsi nge-kWh okanye ngomzuzu ngamnye, ukwenza isiseko sabathengi abathembekileyo kunye nengeniso eqhubekayo eqikelelwayo.
Imijelo yeNgeniso eNcedisayo (Amandla angekasetyenziswa)
Ezona CPO zintsha zijonge ngaphaya kweplagi yengeniso.
•Intengiso kwisiza:Iitshaja ezinezikrini zedijithali zingabonisa iintengiso, zenze ingeniso yengeniso ephezulu.
•IiNtsebenziswano zoRhwebo:I-CPO inokusebenzisana nevenkile yekofu okanye umthengisi, inika isaphulelo kubaqhubi ababiza imoto yabo. Umthengisi uhlawula i-CPO kwisizukulwana esikhokelayo.
•IiNkqubo zokuPhendula ngeBango:Ii-CPOs zinokusebenza kunye nezixhobo zokunciphisa ukutshaja kwezantya zenethiwekhi ngokubanzi ngexesha lemfuno yegridi ephezulu, ukufumana intlawulo evela kwi-utility ukunceda ukuzinzisa igridi.
Indlela yokuba nguMsebenzi weNdawo yokuTyala: IsiKhokelo esinaManyathelo ama-5
Ukungena kwimarike yeCPO kufuna ukucwangciswa ngononophelo kunye nokuphunyezwa kweqhinga. Nantsi iplani yokwakha eyakho inethiwekhi yokutshaja.
Inyathelo 1: Chaza iSicwangciso sakho soShishino kunye neNicheAwukwazi ukuba yinto yonke kumntu wonke. Gqiba kwimarike ojolise kuyo.
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Ukuhlawuliswa koluntu:Iindawo ezithengiswayo ezikwitrafikhi ephezulu okanye uhola wendlela. Oku kufuna imali eninzi kodwa kunengeniso ephezulu.
•Eyokuhla:Ukubambisana kunyeindluizakhiwo okanyeiindawo zokuhlala(IiNdawo zokuHlala eziManinzi). Oku kubonelela ngokubanjwa, isiseko somsebenzisi oqhubekayo.
•Indawo yokusebenzela:Ukuthengisa iinkonzo zokuhlawula kwiinkampani zabasebenzi bazo.
•Inqanawa:Ukubonelela ngeendawo zokuhlawulisa ezizinikeleyo kwiinqwelo zorhwebo (umzekelo, iiveni zothutho, iiteksi). Le yimarike ekhula ngokukhawuleza.
Inyathelo lesi-2: Ukukhetha izixhobo kunye nokuFumana iSizaUkhetho lwakho lwe-hardware luxhomekeke kwi-niche yakho. Izitshaja ze-AC zeNqanaba lesi-2 zifanelekileiindawo zokusebenzaokanye amagumbi apho iimoto zipaka khona iiyure. I-DC Fast Chargers (DCFC) zibalulekile kwiipaseji zendlela kawonke-wonke apho abaqhubi kufuneka bahlawule ngokukhawuleza. Emva koko kuya kufuneka uthethathethane nabanini zakhiwo, ubanikeze intlawulo yengqeshiso yenyanga emiselweyo okanye isivumelwano sokwabelana ngengeniso.
Inyathelo 3: Khetha iPlatform yakho yeSoftware yeCSMSEyakhoisoftware yomsebenzisi wendawo yentlawulosesona sixhobo sakho sibalulekileyo. Iqonga elinamandla le-CSMS likuvumela ukuba ulawule yonke into ukude: ubume betshaja, imithetho yamaxabiso, ukufikelela komsebenzisi, kunye nengxelo yezemali. Xa ukhetha iqonga, jonga ukuthotyelwa kwe-OCPP, ukukala, kunye neempawu zohlalutyo olomeleleyo.
Inyathelo lesi-4: Ukufakela, ukuKhomishini, kunye noQhagamshelwano lweGridiKulapho isicwangciso siba yinyani. Kuya kufuneka uqeshe abasebenzi bombane abanelayisenisi kunye neekontraka. Inkqubo ibandakanya ukufumana iimvume zengingqi, ukuphuculwa okunokwenzeka kwenkonzo yombane kwindawo, kunye nokulungelelaniswa nenkampani yenkonzo yasekhaya ukuze izikhululo zigunyaziswe kwaye ziqhagamshelwe kwigridi.
Inyathelo lesi-5: Ukuthengisa kunye noBudlelwane nee-EMSPsItshaja zakho azinaxabiso ukuba akukho mntu unokuzifumana. Kufuneka ufumane idatha yesitishi sakho edweliswe kuzo zonke ii-apps ezinkulu ze-EMSP ezifana nePlugShare, iChargeHub, kunye neeMephu zikaGoogle. Ukuseka izivumelwano zokuzulazula kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba nawuphi na umqhubi we-EV, nokuba yeyiphi eyona app yakhe, unokusebenzisa izitishi zakho.
Imizekelo: Ujongo kwiiNkampani zoMsebenzi weNdawo yokuTyala
Imakethi okwangoku ikhokelwa ngamaqela amakhuluiinkampani zabaqhubi bendawo yentlawulo, ngalinye linecebo elahlukileyo. Ukuqonda iimodeli zabo kunokukunceda uchaze indlela yakho.
| Umsebenzisi | Imodeli yoShishino oluPhambili | Ujoliso olungundoqo lweMarike | Amandla |
| ChargePoint | Ithengisa izixhobo zekhompyutha kunye nesoftware yenethiwekhi kubabuthi besayithi | Indawo yokusebenzela, iFleet, indawo yokuhlala | imodeli yokukhanya kwe-asethi; ubukhulu benethiwekhi enkulu ngenani leeplagi; iqonga software eyomeleleyo. |
| Faka umbaneeMelika | Umnikazi & Usebenzisa inethiwekhi yayo | Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kweDC kawonkewonke ecaleni koohola bendlela | Iitshaja ezinamandla amakhulu (150-350kW); intsebenziswano eyomeleleyo nabavelisi beemoto (umz., VW). |
| EVgo | I-Owns & Operates, igxile kwintsebenziswano yokuthengisa | Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-Urban DC kwiindawo zokuthengisa | Iindawo eziphambili (iivenkile ezinkulu, iivenkile); inethiwekhi yokuqala enkulu ukuba 100% inikwe amandla ngokutsha. |
| Ukuqhwanyaza Ukutshaja | I-Flexible: Ngumnini & Isebenza, okanye ithengisa izixhobo zentsimbi | Iintlobo ngeentlobo, kubandakanywa uluntu kunye neendawo zokuhlala | Ukukhula ngamandla ngokufumana izinto; inikeza iimodeli zoshishino ezininzi kubanini propati. |
Imicelimngeni yokwenyani yeHlabathi kunye namaThuba eeCPO ngo-2025
Ngelixa ithuba likhulu-i-BloombergNEF iqikelela ukuba i-1.6 yeebhiliyoni zeedola iya kutyalwa kwi-EV yokutshaja ngo-2040-indlela ayikho ngaphandle kwemingeni yayo.
Imingeni (Ujongo lokwenyani):
•I-High Upfront Capital (CAPEX):I-DC Fast Chargers inokubiza ukusuka kwi-40,000 yeedola ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-100,000 yeedola kwiyunithi nganye yokuyifaka. Ukufumana inkxaso-mali yokuqala ngumqobo omkhulu.
•Usetyenziso oluphantsi lokuqala:Inzuzo yesitishi ibotshelelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwindlela esisetyenziswa ngayo. Kwiindawo ezinokwamkelwa kwe-EV ephantsi, kungathatha iminyaka ukuba isikhululo sibe nengeniso.
•Ukuthembeka kweHardware kunye nexesha lokuphumla:Ixesha lokuphumla kwetshaja sisikhalazo # 1 kubaqhubi be-EV. Ukugcina uthungelwano lwehardware entsonkothileyo kwindawo ebanzi yejografi yindleko enkulu yokusebenza.
•IiMithetho eNgxaki yokuHamba:Ukujongana neemfuno zemvume yasekhaya eyahluka-hlukeneyo, imithetho yocando, kunye neenkqubo zoqhagamshelo oluluncedo kunokubangela ulibaziseko olumandla.
Amathuba (Umbono wekamva):
•Ukufakwa koMbane ngeenqanawa:Njengoko iinkampani ezifana neAmazon, UPS, kunye neFedEx zifakela umbane wazoizithuthi, baya kufuna iindawo ezinkulu zokutshaja ezithembekileyo. Oku kubonelela ngeeCPO ngesiseko esiqinisekisiweyo, esinomthamo ophezulu wabathengi.
•Imoto ukuya kwiGridi (V2GItekhnoloji:Kwixesha elizayo, ii-CPOs zinokusebenza njengabathengisi bamandla, zisebenzisa ii-EV ezipakiweyo ukuthengisa amandla abuyele kwigridi ngexesha lemfuno ephezulu kunye nokudala ingeniso entsha enamandla.
•Iinkuthazo zikaRhulumente:Iinkqubo ezifana neNkqubo yeNkqubo yeFomula yeZibonelelo zoMbane zeSizwe (NEVI) e-US zibonelela ngeebhiliyoni zeedola ukuxhasa iindleko zokwakha izikhululo zokutshaja ezitsha, zehlisa kakhulu umqobo wotyalo-mali.
•Ukwenza imali ngeData:Idatha eveliswe kwiiseshini zokutshaja ixabiseke kakhulu. Ii-CPO zinokuhlalutya le datha ukunceda abathengisi baqonde ukugcwala kwabathengi okanye bancede izixeko zicwangcise iimfuno zeziseko ezizayo.
Ngaba ukuba yiCPO lishishini eliLungileyo kuwe?
Ubungqina bucacile: imfuno yokutshaja kwe-EV iya kukhula kuphela. Ukuba aumqhubi wendawo yentlawuloikubeka koyena ndoqo wolu tshintsho.
Impumelelo kweli shishini ayisekho nje malunga nokubonelela ngeplagi. Ifuna indlela ephucukileyo, ye-tech-forward. UkuphumelelaAbaqhubi beendawo zokuhlawulisakule minyaka ilishumi izayo iya kuba ngabo bakhetha iindawo ezicwangcisiweyo, babeke phambili ukugqwesa kokusebenza kunye nokuthembeka, kwaye basebenzise isoftware enamandla yokwandisa uthungelwano lwabo kunye nokuhambisa amava omqhubi angenasiphako.
Indlela ingumceli mngeni, kodwa kwabo banesicwangciso-qhinga nombono ofanelekileyo, ukusebenzisa iziseko ezingundoqo ezixhobisa ikamva lethu lombane lithuba leshishini elingenakuthelekiswa nanto.
Imithombo yoGunyaziso kunye noFundo oluGqibeleleyo
1.I-Arhente yaMandla yaMazwe ngaMazwe (IEA)-I-Global EV Outlook 2025 Idatha kunye noQikelo:
•Ikhonkco:https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2025
2.ISebe lezaMandla lase-US-Iziko leeNkcukacha ezizezinye zaMafutha (AFDC), i-EV Infrastructure Data:
•Ikhonkco:https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity_infrastructure.html
3.BloombergNEF (BNEF)- IsiShwankathelo seNgxelo yesiThuthi soMbane 2025:
•Ikhonkco:https://about.bnef.com/electric-vehicle-outlook/
4.US Department of Transport- Inkqubo yeSizwe soMbane weZithuthi zoMbane (NEVI): Eli liphepha lasekhaya elisemthethweni kunye nelona langoku kwiprogram ye-NEVI, elawulwa yi-Federal Highway Administration.
•Ikhonkco: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/nevi/
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-01-2025