Yonke into ofuna ukuyazi malunga ne-ISO/IEC 15118

I-nomenclature esemthethweni ye-ISO 15118 ithi “IziThuthi zeNdlela-Isithuthi esisa kunxibelelwano lwegridi.” Isenokuba yenye yezona migangatho zibalulekileyo kunye nobungqina bexesha elizayo obukhoyo namhlanje.

Isixhobo sokutshaja esihlakaniphile esakhelwe kwi-ISO 15118 senza ukuba sikwazi ukungqamanisa ngokugqibeleleyo umthamo wegridi kunye nemfuno yamandla yenani elikhulayo lee-EV eziqhagamshela kwigridi yombane. I-ISO 15118 ikwavumela ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okumacala omabini ukuze kuqondweisithuthi ukuya kwigridiizicelo ngokondla amandla avela kwi-EV abuyele kwigridi xa kuyimfuneko. I-ISO 15118 ivumela ukutshaja ngakumbi kwegridi-friendly, okukhuselekileyo, kunye nokufanelekileyo kwee-EVs.

Imbali ye-ISO 15118

Kwi-2010, i-International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) kunye ne-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) idibanise amandla okwenza i-ISO / IEC 15118 Joint Working Group. Ngexesha lokuqala, iingcali ezisuka kushishino lweemoto kunye neshishini eliluncedo zisebenze kunye ukuphuhlisa umgangatho wonxibelelwano wamazwe ngamazwe wokutshaja ii-EVs. IQela eliSebenzayo eliHlangeneyo liphumelele ekudaleni isisombululo esamkelwe ngokubanzi ngoku esingowona mgangatho ukhokelayo kwimimandla emikhulu kwihlabathi liphela njengeYurophu, i-US, uMbindi/uMzantsi Melika, kunye noMzantsi Korea. I-ISO 15118 nayo iye yakhawuleza ukwamkelwa eIndiya naseOstreliya. Inqaku ngefomathi: I-ISO yathatha indawo yokupapasha umgangatho kwaye ngoku yaziwa ngokuba yi-ISO 15118 ngokulula.

Isithuthi ukuya kwigridi - ukudibanisa ii-EVs kwigridi

I-ISO 15118 yenza ukuba kudityaniswe ii-EVs kwiigridi ehlakaniphile(aka isithuthi-2-igridi okanyeisithuthi ukuya kwigridi). Igridi ehlakaniphileyo yigridi yombane edibanisa abavelisi bamandla, abathengi, kunye namalungu egridi afana ne-transformer ngokusebenzisa ulwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe bonxibelelwano, njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso ongezantsi.

I-ISO 15118 ivumela i-EV kunye nesikhululo sokutshaja ukuba sitshintshiselane ngolwazi olusekwe ekubeni ishedyuli efanelekileyo yokutshaja inokuphinda kuxoxwe ngayo. Kubalulekile ukuqiniseka ukuba izithuthi zombane zisebenza ngendlela ehambelana negridi. Kule meko, "i-grid friendly" ithetha ukuba isixhobo sixhasa ukuhlawulwa kwezithuthi ezininzi ngexesha elinye ngelixa likhusela igridi ekugqithiseni. Izicelo zokutshaja i-Smart ziya kubala ishedyuli yokutshaja ngamnye kwi-EV nganye ngokusebenzisa ulwazi olukhoyo malunga nobume begridi yombane, imfuno yamandla ye-EV nganye, kunye neemfuno zokuhamba zomqhubi ngamnye (ixesha lokuhamba kunye noluhlu lokuqhuba).

Ngale ndlela, iseshoni yokutshaja nganye iya kuhambelana ngokugqibeleleyo umthamo wegridi kwimfuno yombane yokutshaja ngaxeshanye ii-EVs. Ukutshaja ngamaxesha okufumaneka okuphezulu kwamandla avuselelekayo kunye/okanye ngamaxesha apho ukusetyenziswa kombane kukonke kuphantsi yenye yezona meko ziphambili zokusetyenziswa ezinokuqondwa nge-ISO 15118.

Unxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo luxhaswe yiPlug & Charge

Igridi yombane isisiseko esibalulekileyo esifuna ukukhuselwa ekuhlaselweni okunokwenzeka kwaye umqhubi kufuneka ahlawulwe ngokufanelekileyo kumandla ahanjiswe kwi-EV. Ngaphandle konxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo phakathi kwee-EVs kunye nezikhululo zokutshaja, amaqela angaphandle anobungozi anokuthintela kwaye aguqule imiyalezo kwaye aphazamise ulwazi lokuhlawula. Kungenxa yoko le nto i-ISO 15118 iza nenqaku elibizwaIplagi kunye nokuTshaja. Iplagi kunye neCharge isebenzisa iindlela ezininzi ezifihlakeleyo zokukhusela olu nxibelelwano kunye nokuqinisekisa ubumfihlo, imfezeko, kunye nokunyaniseka kwayo yonke idatha etshintshiweyo.

Uncedo lomsebenzisi njengesitshixo kumava angenamthungo wokutshaja

ISO 15118'sIplagi kunye nokuTshajaIsici sikwavumela i-EV ukuba izichaze ngokuzenzekelayo kwisikhululo sokutshaja kwaye ifumane ukufikelela okugunyazisiweyo kumandla ewadingayo ukutshaja ibhetri yayo. Konke oku kusekwe kwizatifikethi zedijithali kunye neziseko ezingundoqo zikawonke-wonke ezenziwe zifumaneke ngePlag & Charge feature. Inxalenye engcono? Umqhubi akukho mfuneko yokuba enze nantoni na ngaphaya kokuplaga intambo yokutshaja kwisithuthi nakwisikhululo sokutshaja (ngexesha lokutshaja ngeengcingo) okanye apake phezu kwendawo yokutshaja (ngexesha lokutshaja ngaphandle kweentambo). Isenzo sokufaka ikhadi letyala, ukuvula i-app ukuskena ikhowudi ye-QR, okanye ukufumanisa ukuba ukuphulukana nekhadi le-RFID ekulula ukuphulukana nalo yinto yexesha elidlulileyo ngobu buchwepheshe.

I-ISO 15118 iya kuchaphazela kakhulu ikamva lokutshaja isithuthi sombane kwihlabathi ngenxa yezi zinto zintathu zibalulekileyo:

1. Uncedo kumthengi oza nePlug & Charge
2. Ukhuseleko lwedatha olwandisiweyo oluza neendlela ezifihlakeleyo ezichazwe kwi-ISO 15118
3. Igridi-friendly ukutshaja smart

Ngezo zinto zisisiseko engqondweni, masingene kwiindongomane kunye neebholithi zomgangatho.

Usapho loxwebhu lwe-ISO 15118

Umgangatho ngokwawo, obizwa ngokuba "Iimoto zeNdlela - Isithuthi kwi-interface yonxibelelwano lwegridi", iqulethe iinxalenye ezisibhozo. Iqhagamshela okanye isikhewu kunye nenani libonisa indawo echaphazelekayo. I-ISO 15118-1 ibhekisa kwinxalenye enye njalo njalo.

Kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi, unokubona ukuba icandelo ngalinye le-ISO 15118 linxulumana njani nenye okanye ngaphezulu kwamaleko asixhenxe onxibelelwano achaza indlela ulwazi olusetyenzwa ngayo kuthungelwano lonxibelelwano. Xa i-EV ifakwe kwisikhululo sokutshaja, umlawuli wonxibelelwano we-EV (obizwa ngokuba yi-EVCC) kunye nomlawuli wonxibelelwano wesikhululo sokutshaja (i-SECC) useka inethiwekhi yonxibelelwano. Injongo yale nethiwekhi kukutshintshiselana ngemiyalezo kunye nokuqalisa iseshoni yokutshaja. Bobabini i-EVCC kunye ne-SECC kufuneka ibonelele ngezi zintlu ezisixhenxe ezisebenzayo (njengoko kuchazwe kwindawo esekelwe kakuhle.ISO/OSI isitaki sonxibelelwano) ukuze kusetyenzwe ngolwazi abaluthumelayo nabalufumana bobabini. Umaleko ngamnye wakha phezu komsebenzi obonelelwa ngumaleko ongaphantsi, ngokuqala ngoluhlu lwesicelo phezulu kwaye yonke indlela ukuya kumaleko womzimba.

Umzekelo: Umaleko wekhonkco lomzimba kunye nedatha icacisa ukuba i-EV kunye nesikhululo sokutshaja zinokutshintshiselana njani ngemiyalezo kusetyenziswa nokuba yintambo yokutshaja (unxibelelwano lwentambo yamandla nge-Modem yePlug yaseKhaya eluhlaza njengoko kuchaziwe kwi-ISO 15118-3) okanye uqhagamshelo lwe-Wi-Fi ( IEEE 802.11n njengoko kubhekiselwa kuyo yi-ISO 15118-8) njengesixhobo somzimba. Emva kokuba ikhonkco yedatha imiselwe ngokufanelekileyo, inethiwekhi kunye nomgangatho wezothutho ngasentla unokuthembela kuyo ukuseka oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-TCP / IP uxhumano lokuhamba ngokufanelekileyo imiyalezo esuka kwi-EVCC ukuya kwi-SECC (kunye nomva). Umaleko wesicelo phezulu usebenzisa indlela yonxibelelwano esekiweyo ukutshintshiselana ngayo nayiphi na imeko enxulumene nomyalezo, nokuba yeyokutshaja kwe-AC, ukutshaja kwe-DC, okanye ukutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo.

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Xa kuxoxwa nge-ISO 15118 iyonke, oku kuquka iseti yemigangatho ngaphakathi kwesi sihloko siphambili. Imigangatho ngokwayo yahlulwe yangamacandelo. Inxalenye nganye idlula kwiseti yamanqanaba achazwe kwangaphambili phambi kokuba ipapashwe njengomgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe (IS). Yiyo loo nto ungafumana ulwazi malunga “nesimo” selungu ngalinye kula macandelo angezantsi. Ubume bubonisa umhla wokupapashwa kwe-IS, elinqanaba lokugqibela kwixesha leeprojekthi zokumisela umgangatho we-ISO.

Masingene kwindawo nganye yoxwebhu ngabanye.

Inkqubo kunye nexesha lokupapashwa kwemigangatho ye-ISO

Eli nani lingasentla lichaza ixesha lenkqubo yokumisela umgangatho kwi-ISO. Inkqubo iqalwa ngeSindululo soMsebenzi oMtsha (NWIP okanye iNP) engena kwinqanaba loYilo lweKomiti (CD) emva kwexesha leenyanga ezili-12. Yakuba ifumaneka iCD (kuphela kwiingcali zobugcisa ezingamalungu equmrhu lokulinganisa), inqanaba lokuvota leenyanga ezintathu liqala ngexesha apho ezi ngcali zinokubonelela ngohlelo kunye nezimvo zobugcisa. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba isigaba sokuphawula sigqityiwe, izimvo eziqokelelweyo zisonjululwa kwiinkomfa zewebhu ze-intanethi kunye neentlanganiso zobuso ngobuso.

Ngenxa yalo msebenzi wentsebenziswano, uYilo loMgangatho waMazwe ngaMazwe (DIS) luyayilwa luze lupapashwe. IQela eliSebenzayo eliHlangeneyo linokugqiba ekubeni liyile iCD yesibini kwimeko apho iingcali zivakalelwa kukuba uxwebhu alukakulungeli ukuba luthathwe njenge-DIS. I-DIS luxwebhu lokuqala ukwenziwa lufumaneke esidlangalaleni kwaye lunokuthengwa kwi-Intanethi. Esinye isigaba sokuphawula nokuvota siya kuqhutywa emva kokuba i-DIS ikhutshiwe, ngokufanayo nenkqubo yeqonga leCD.

Inqanaba lokugqibela phambi koMgangatho waMazwe ngaMazwe (IS) luYilo lokuGqibela loMgangatho waMazwe ngaMazwe (FDIS). Eli linqanaba lokuzikhethela elinokuthi ligqitywe ukuba iqela leengcali ezisebenza kulo mgangatho livakalelwa kukuba uxwebhu lufikelele kwinqanaba elaneleyo lomgangatho. I-FDIS luxwebhu olungavumeli naluphi na utshintsho olongezelelweyo lobugcisa. Ngoko ke, ngamagqabantshintshi omhleli kuphela avumelekileyo ngeli nqanaba lokuphawula. Njengoko ubona kumfanekiso, inkqubo yokumisela umgangatho we-ISO inokuqala ukusuka kwi-24 ukuya kwiinyanga ezingama-48 zizonke.

Kwimeko ye-ISO 15118-2, umgangatho uthabathe imilo kwiminyaka emine kwaye uya kuqhubeka nokucocwa njengoko kufuneka (jonga i-ISO 15118-20). Le nkqubo iqinisekisa ukuba ihlala isexesheni kwaye ilungelelanisa iimeko ezininzi zokusetyenziswa ezizodwa kwihlabathi liphela.