Njengoko izithuthi zombane (EVs) ziba yinto eqhelekileyo, ukuqonda umahluko phakathiUkutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DCkwayeInqanaba lesi-2 lokutshajaibalulekile kubo bobabini abanini bangoku kunye nabanokubakho kwi-EV. Eli nqaku liphonononga iimpawu eziphambili, izibonelelo, kunye nemida yendlela yokutshaja nganye, ikunceda ukuba wenze isigqibo sokuba loluphi ukhetho olulungele iimfuno zakho. Ukusuka kwisantya sokutshaja kunye neendleko ukuya kufakelo kunye neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo, sigubungela yonke into oyifunayo ukuyazi ukwenza ukhetho olunolwazi. Nokuba ujonge ukuhlawulisa ekhaya, ekuhambeni, okanye kuhambo olude, esi sikhokelo sinzulu sibonelela ngothelekiso olucacileyo ukukunceda ujonge kwihlabathi eliguqukayo lokutshaja kwe-EV.
Isiqulatho
Yintoni ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kweDC kwaye Isebenza Njani?
Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC (DCFC)yindlela ephezulu yamandla eguqula iAlternating Current (AC) ukuyaI-High-Voltage Direct Current (DC) ngaphakathi kweyunithi yokutshaja. Ezi tshaja zidla ngokusebenza400V okanye 800V amanqanaba ombane eklasi, ukukhupha amandla kwi50 kW ukuya kuma-350 kW (okanye ngaphezulu), ilawulwa nguImigangatho ye-IEC 61851-23. DCFCidlula kwibhodi yokuguqula i-AC/DCkwaye ityisa amandla aphezulu angoku eDC ngokuthe ngqo kwibhetri ye-EV ngokusebenzisa iziqhagamshelo ezikhethekileyo (njengeCCS, CHAdeMO, okanye NACS). Ngaphaya koko, inkqubo yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ilawulwa ngokungqongqo ngeeprothokholi zonxibelelwano ezifanaISO 15118 or I-OCPP (iProtokholi yeNdawo yokuTyala eVulekileyo)ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwedatha kunye nokutshaja ngokufanelekileyo.
Umgaqo osebenzayo wokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC ubandakanya ukunikezelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwangoku kwibhetri ye-EV, ukudlula itshaja engaphakathi kwemoto. Oku kuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza kwamandla kwenza ukuba izithuthi zihlawule kangangemizuzu engama-30 kwezinye iimeko, oko kuyenza ilungele ukuhamba kohola wendlela kunye neendawo apho kufuneka ukutshajwa kwakhona ngokukhawuleza.
Iimpawu eziphambili zokuxoxa:
• Iindidi zeetshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC (CHAdeMO, CCS, Tesla Supercharger)
• Izantya zokutshaja (umz., 50 kW ukuya kuma-350 kW)
• Iindawo apho zifumaneka khona iitshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC (oohola bendlela, iihabhu zokutshaja ezidolophini)
Yintoni iNqanaba lesi-2 lokuTjaja kwaye lithelekiseka njani ne-DC Fast Charging?
Ukutshaja kweNqanaba lesi-2izixhoboI-240V yesigaba esinye esitshintshanayo yangoku (AC)(kuMntla Melika), ngamandla aqhele ukuqala ukusuka3.3 kW ukuya ku-19.2 kW. Itshaja yeNqanaba lesi-2 (EVSE) isebenza njengeiswitshi ekhuselekileyo yokhuseleko, kunye netshaja engaphakathi kwesithuthi ephethe uguqulo lwe-AC-to-DC. EMntla Melika, ukufakelwa kweNqanaba lesi-2 kufuneka kubambeleleUL 2594isiqinisekiso kwaye ulandele ngokungqongqoIKhowudi yoMbane yeSizwe (NEC) Inqaku le-625. Oku kufuna ukuba aezinikezelweyo 40A okanye 50A isekethe, apho onke amacandelo kufuneka alinganiswe125%obona buphezulu betshaja obuqhubekayo bangoku.
Umahluko ophambili phakathi kokutshaja kweNqanaba le-2 kunye nokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC kukwisantya senkqubo yokutshaja. Ngelixa iitshaja zeNqanaba 2 zicotha, zikulungele ukutshaja ubusuku bonke okanye kwindawo yokusebenza apho abasebenzisi banokushiya izithuthi zabo ziplagiwe ixesha elongeziweyo.
Iimpawu eziphambili zokuxoxa:
• Uthelekiso lwemveliso yamandla (umz., 240V AC vs. 400V-800V DC)
• Ixesha lokutshaja kwiNqanaba 2 (umzekelo, iiyure ezi-4-8 ngentlawulo epheleleyo)
• Iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokusebenzisa (ukutshaja ekhaya, ukutshaja ishishini, izikhululo zikawonke-wonke)
Yeyiphi iMahluko aPhambili kwiStya sokuTshaja phakathi kokuTshaja ngokukhawuleza kweDC kunye neNqanaba lesi-2?
Umahluko ophambili phakathi kokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC kunye neNqanaba lesi-2 lokutshaja kukwisantya apho ngamnye anokuhlawula i-EV. Ngelixa iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 zibonelela ngesantya esicothayo, esizinzileyo sokutshaja, iitshaja ezikhawulezayo zeDC zenziwe zazaliswa ngokukhawuleza iibhetri ze-EV.
Uthelekiso lweNdlela yokuTshaja (Isekwe kwibhetri engama-75 kWh)
| Imo yokuTshaja | Uluhlu lwamandla oluqhelekileyo | Uluhlu ngeyure (RPH) | Ixesha lokuTjaja iiMayile ezingama-200 | Imeko yokusetyenziswa efanelekileyo |
| Inqanaba 2 (L2) | 7.7 kW | Iimayile ezingama-23 | Malunga. 8.7 iiyure | Ukutshaja eKhaya/Emsebenzini ebusuku |
| I-DC Fast Charge (DCFC) | 150 kW | Iimayile ezingama-450 | Malunga. 27 Imizuzu | Iihambo zeNdlela, iiRefuels eziNgxamisekileyo |
Iintlobo zebhetri zisichaphazela njani isantya sokutshaja?
Ikhemistri yebhetri idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwindlela ekhawuleza ngayo ukuhlawuliswa i-EV. Uninzi lweemoto zombane namhlanje zisebenzisa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion (i-Li-ion), ezineempawu zokutshaja ezahlukeneyo.
• Iibhetri zeLithium-Ion: Ezi bhetri ziyakwazi ukwamkela imisinga yokutshaja okuphezulu, izenza zilungele zombini iNqanaba lesi-2 kunye ne-DC yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, izinga lokutshaja liyehla njengoko ibhetri isondela kumthamo ogcweleyo ukunqanda ukushisa okugqithisileyo kunye nomonakalo.
• Iibhetri zeSylid-State: Itekhnoloji entsha ethembisa amaxesha okutshaja ngokukhawuleza kuneebhetri ze-lithium-ion zangoku. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwee-EVs namhlanje zisaxhomekeke kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion, kwaye isantya sokutshaja sihlala silawulwa yitshaja yesithuthi kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri.
Ingxoxo:
• Kutheni ukutshaja kuncipha njengoko ibhetri igcwala (ulawulo lwebhetri kunye nemida ye-thermal)
• Umahluko kumazinga okutshaja phakathi kweemodeli ze-EV (umzekelo, iTeslas vs. Nissan Leafs)
• Impembelelo yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kubomi bebhetri bexesha elide
Zeziphi Iindleko Eziyanyaniswa nokuTshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC vs iNqanaba lesi-2 lokuTjaja?
Iindleko zokutshaja zibaluleke kakhulu kubanikazi be-EV. Iindleko zokutshaja zixhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nezinga lombane, isantya sokutshaja, nokuba umsebenzisi usekhaya okanye ukwisikhululo sokutshaja sikawonke-wonke.
| Ixabiso Factor | Inqanaba lesi-2 lokuTjaja iKhaya (240V AC) | Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC (DCFC) |
| Ixabiso laMandla (Isiseko) | Malunga.$0,16/kWh(Ngenxa yeI-EIA 2024Amaxabiso eendawo zokuhlala) | Uluhlu ukusukaI-$ 0,35 ukuya kwi-$ 0,60 / kWh(Ngenxa yeNREL 2024idatha yokuthengisa yoluntu) |
| 75 kWh Ixabiso eliPheleleyo lokuTyala | Malunga.$12.00(Iindleko zamandla kuphela) | Uluhlu ukusuka$26,25 ukuba $45,00(Iindleko zamandla kuphela) |
| Iindleko zoFakelo lwaPhambili | Akubandakanyiiindleko zangaphambili (Avg.$1,000 - $2,500kwihardware kunye nabasebenzi) | Ngokungavumelekanga phezulu(Amashumi amawaka ukuya kumakhulu amawaka e-USD) |
| Intlawulo yanyanga le / imirhumo | Ubuncinci (Amaxabiso exesha lokuSebenzisa anokusebenza) | Iprimiyamu ephezulu (Ihlala ibandakanyaimirhumo yokungenzi nto ngomzuzukunye neentlawulo ezifunwayo) |
Ziziphi iiMfuno zoFakelo lokuTshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC kunye neNqanaba lesi-2 lokuTjaja?
Ukufakela itshaja ye-EV kufuna ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zombane. KubaIitshaja zenqanaba lesi-2, inkqubo yokufakela ilula ngokuthe ngqo, ngelixaIitshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DCzifuna izakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo.
• UFakelo lokuTshaja lweNqanaba lesi-2: Ukufakela ishaja yeNqanaba 2 ekhaya, inkqubo yombane kufuneka ikwazi ukuxhasa i-240V, ngokuqhelekileyo idinga i-30-50 amp amp circuit. Abaninimzi basoloko befuna ukuqesha umntu osebenza ngombane ukuze afakele itshaja.
• UFakelo lokuTshaja oluKhawuleza lweDC: Itshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC zifuna iinkqubo zamandla ombane aphezulu (ngokuqhelekileyo yi-400-800V), kunye neziseko ezingundoqo zombane ezikumgangatho ophezulu, njengobonelelo lombane lwesigaba esi-3. Oku kwenza ukuba kubize kakhulu kwaye kube nzima ukuzifaka, ezinye iindleko zifikelela kumashumi amawaka eedola.
• Inqanaba lesi-2: Ufakelo olulula, ixabiso eliphantsi ngokwentelekiso.
• Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC: Ifuna iinkqubo eziphezulu ze-voltage, ukufakwa kwexabiso eliphezulu.
Ziphi iitshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC eziqhele ukufumaneka xa zithelekiswa neetshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2?
Iitshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DCzidla ngokufakelwa kwiindawo apho amaxesha okutshintsha ngokukhawuleza ayimfuneko, njengakuhola wendlela, kwiindawo eziphambili zokuhamba, okanye kwiindawo ezixineneyo ezidolophini. Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2, kwelinye icala, zifumaneka ekhaya, kwiindawo zokusebenza, iindawo zokupaka zikawonke-wonke, kunye neendawo zokuthengisa, ezibonelela ngokucothayo, iindlela zokutshaja ezinoqoqosho.
• IiNdawo zokuTshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC: Izikhululo zeenqwelo moya, iindawo zokumisa uhola wendlela, izikhululo zerhasi, kunye nothungelwano lokutshaja loluntu njengezikhululo zeTesla Supercharger.
• IiNdawo zokuTshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2: Iigaraji zokuhlala, iivenkile ezinkulu, izakhiwo zeeofisi, iigaraji zokumisa izithuthi, kunye neendawo zorhwebo.
Isantya sokuTshaja siLichaphazela njani amava okuqhuba i-EV?
Isantya apho i-EV inokuhlawulwa ngayo inefuthe elithe ngqo kumava omsebenzisi.Iitshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DCukunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokuphumla, kubenza balungele uhambo olude apho ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kubalulekile. Kwelinye icala,Iitshaja zenqanaba lesi-2zifanelekile kubasebenzisi abanokuhlawula amaxesha amade okutshaja, njengokutshaja ebusuku ekhaya okanye ngexesha lomsebenzi.
• Ukuhamba imigama emide: Kuhambo lwendlela kunye nokuhamba umgama omde, iitshaja ezikhawulezayo zeDC ziyimfuneko, nto leyo eyenza abaqhubi bahlawule ngokukhawuleza kwaye baqhubeke nohambo lwabo ngaphandle kokulibaziseka okukhulu.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla: Kuhambo lwemihla ngemihla kunye nohambo olufutshane, iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 zibonelela ngesisombululo esaneleyo kunye neendleko.
Ziziphi iimpembelelo zokusiNgqongileyo zokuTshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC vs iNqanaba lesi-2 lokuTjaja?
Ngokwembono yokusingqongileyo, zombini ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC kunye neNqanaba lesi-2 lokutshaja kunengqwalasela eyodwa. Iitshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC zisebenzisa umbane omninzi ngexesha elifutshane, ezinokubeka uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo kwiigridi zendawo. Nangona kunjalo, impembelelo yokusingqongileyo ixhomekeke ubukhulu becala kumthombo wamandla onika amandla iitshaja.
• Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC: Ngenxa yosetyenziso lwazo oluphezulu lwamandla, iitshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC zinokuba negalelo ekungazinzini kwegridi kwiindawo ezineziseko zophuhliso ezingonelanga. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba inikwe amandla yimithombo evuselelekayo efana nelanga okanye umoya, impembelelo yabo yokusingqongileyo iyancipha kakhulu.
• Ukutshaja kweNqanaba lesi-2: Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 zinendawo encinci yokusingqongileyo ngentlawulo nganye, kodwa isiphumo esongezelekayo sokutshajiswa okuxhaphakileyo sinokubeka uxinzelelo kwiigridi zamandla zasekhaya, ngakumbi ngexesha leeyure zesantya esiphezulu.
Lithini ikamva lokuTjaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC kunye neNqanaba lesi-2 lokuTjaja?
Njengoko ukwamkelwa kwe-EV kuqhubeka nokukhula, zombini ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC kunye neNqanaba lesi-2 lokutshaja kuyavela ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokutshintsha kwemeko yemoto. Iinguqulelo zexesha elizayo ziquka:
• Iitshaja eziKhawulezayo ze-DC: Ubuchwepheshe obutsha, njengezikhululo zokutshaja ezikhawuleza kakhulu (350 kW nangaphezulu), ziyavela ukunciphisa amaxesha okutshaja nangakumbi.
• Iziseko zoncedo zokuTjaja ngobuchule: Ukudityaniswa kobuchwepheshe bokutshaja obunokwandisa amaxesha okutshaja nokulawula imfuno yamandla.
• Ukutshaja okungenazingcingo: Okunokwenzeka kuzo zombini iNqanaba lesi-2 kunye neetshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC ukuba ziguqukele kwiinkqubo zokutshaja ezingenazingcingo (ezisebenzayo).
Ukuqukumbela
Isigqibo phakathi kokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC kunye neNqanaba lesi-2 ekugqibeleni kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zomsebenzisi, iinkcukacha zesithuthi, kunye nemikhwa yokutshaja. Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ekuhambeni, iitshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC lukhetho olucacileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwixabiso eliphantsi, ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla, iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 zibonelela ngezibonelelo ezibalulekileyo.
Amava e-Linkpower's Empirical:Njengeumenzi one-EVSE ebanzi ye-R&D kunye namava eprojekthi, sicebisa abathengi abathengisa izikhululo zokutshaja ukuba basebenziseIprothokholi ye-OCPPngenxaUlawulo Lomthwalo oSmart kunye nokubonisana neengcali zombane ezinamava ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwaImigangatho ye-NEC / ULkwayeimigaqo yothungelwano lwegridi eluncedo. Idatha yethu icebisa ukubaUkusasazwa kweNqanaba lesi-2 elihlakaniphile (kunokuxhomekeka kakhulu kwi-DCFC)inikeza i-ROI yexesha elide eliphezulu kwiimeko zorhwebo kunye neeyunithi ezininzi zokuhlala.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-08-2024