Uhlahlelo kunye nembonakalo yeVehicle yoMbane kunye ne-EV Charger market eMelika

Uhlahlelo kunye nembonakalo yeVehicle yoMbane kunye ne-EV Charger market eMelika
Ngelixa ubhubhani ubethe inani lemizi-mveliso, icandelo lombane kunye necandelo leziseko ezingundoqo ezihlawulisayo libe lihlukile. Nkqu nemarike yaseMelika, engazange ibe ngumdlali obalaseleyo kwihlabathi, iqala ukunyuka.
Kuqikelelo lwentengiso yezithuthi zombane zase-US ngo-2023, iblogi yezobuchwepheshe yase-US iTechcrunch ithe uMthetho wokuNcitshiswa kwexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso (i-IRA), owapasiswa ngurhulumente wase-US ngo-Agasti, sele unempembelelo enkulu kwishishini lezithuthi zombane, kunye nee-automakers ezisebenza ukuhamba. ikhonkco zabo zokubonelela kunye neefektri eUnited States.
Akunjalo kuphela iTesla kunye neGM, kodwa kunye neenkampani ezifana neFord, iNissan, iRivian kunye neVolkswagen, ziya kuzuza.
Kwi-2022, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane e-US kwakulawulwa yimizekelo embalwa, njenge-Tesla's Model S, i-Model Y kunye ne-Model 3, i-Chevrolet's Bolt kunye ne-Ford's Mustang Mach-E. I-2023 iya kubona iimodeli ezintsha ezingakumbi ziphuma njengoko iifektri ezintsha zifika, kwaye ziya kufikeleleka ngakumbi.
UMcKinsey uqikelela ukuba ii-automakers zemveli kunye neziqalo ze-EV ziya kuvelisa iimodeli ezintsha ezingama-400 ngo-2023.
Ngaphezu koko, ukuze kuxhaswe ukwakhiwa kweziseko ezingundoqo zokutshaja, i-US ibhengeze ukuba iza kucwangcisa i-7.5 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngo-2022 ukwakha izikhululo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke ezingama-500,000. Umbutho ongenzi nzuzo i-ICCT iqikelela ukuba ngo-2030, imfuno yesikhululo sokutshaja esidlangalaleni e-United States iya kudlula i-1 yezigidi.
Imarike yemoto yombane ekhulayo
Imarike yezithuthi zombane zehlabathi, kubandakanya iHybrid Electric vehicle (HEV), iPlug-in Hybrid Electric yemoto (PHEV) kunye neBattery Electric yemoto (BEV), iyaqhubeka nokukhula kwimekobume erhabaxa yobhubhani we-COVID-19.
Ngokophononongo lukaMcKinsey (uFischer et al., 2021), ngaphandle kokuhla kukonke kwintengiso yezithuthi zehlabathi, unyaka ka-2020 ibingunyaka omkhulu wokuthengisa iimoto zombane, kwaye ngekota yesithathu yalo nyaka, ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zombane kwihlabathi jikelele kuye kwagqitha. inqanaba laphambi kwe-COVID-19.
Ngokukodwa, intengiso eYurophu naseTshayina inyuke nge-60% kunye ne-80% ngokulandelelanayo kwikota yesine kwikota edlulileyo, inyusa izinga lokungena kwezithuthi zombane kwihlabathi liphela ukuya kwirekhodi ephezulu ye-6%. Ngelixa i-US ishiyekile emva kweminye imimandla emibini, intengiso ye-EV ikhule phantse nge-200% phakathi kwe-Q2 2020 kunye ne-Q2 2021, inegalelo ekuphumezeni izinga lokungena lasekhaya le-3.6% ngexesha lobhubhani (jonga uMfanekiso 1).

Umzobo 1-Umthombo: isifundo sikaMcKinsey (uFischer et al., 2021)
Nangona kunjalo, ukujonga ngokusondeleyo ukuhanjiswa kwendawo yokubhaliswa kwe-EV kulo lonke elase-US kubonisa ukuba ukukhula kokwamkelwa kwe-EV akuzange kwenzeke ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke imimandla; inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokuxinana kwabemi kunye nokuxhaphaka kwemimandla yemetropolitan kwaye iyahluka ngokoburhulumente, kunye namanye amazwe anamanani aphezulu obhaliso lwe-EV kunye namazinga okwamkelwa (Umfanekiso 2).

Omnye ongaphandle uhlala eCalifornia. NgokweZiko leDatha yedatha yeSebe lezaMandla e-Alternative Fuels, ubhaliso lwemoto yombane eKhalifoniya lunyuke lwaya kutsho kuma-425,300 ngo-2020, nto leyo emele malunga ne-42% yobhaliso lwezithuthi zombane zelizwe. Oko kuphindaphindwe kasixhenxe kwireyithi yokubhalisa eFlorida, enenombolo yesibini ephezulu yezithuthi zombane ezibhalisiweyo.
Iinkampu ezimbini kwimarike yesikhululo sokutshaja sase-US
Ngaphandle kweTshayina neYurophu, iUnited States iyeyesithathu ngobukhulu itshaja yemoto ehlabathini. Ngokwezibalo ze-IEA, ukusukela ngo-2021, kukho i-2 yezigidi zezithuthi zamandla amatsha e-US, i-114,000 yetshaja yeemoto zikawonke wonke (izikhululo zokutshaja ezingama-36,000), kunye nomlinganiselo wemoto kawonke-wonke we-17: 1, kunye ne-AC yokutshaja ecothayo malunga ne-81. %, ngaphantsi kancinci kunemarike yaseYurophu.
Itshaja ye-US ev yahlulahlulwe ngohlobo lwe-AC yokutshaja okucothayo (kubandakanya i-L1 - ukutshaja iyure eli-1 ukuqhuba iimayile ezingama-2-5 kunye ne-L2 - ukutshaja iyure eli-1 ukuqhuba iimayile eziyi-10-20), kunye nokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC (ukutshaja iyure eyi-1 ukuqhuba iimayile ezingama-60. okanye ngaphezulu). Okwangoku, i-AC ibiza ngokukhawuleza i-L2 i-akhawunti ye-80%, kunye ne-ChargePoint yomsebenzisi omkhulu igalelo le-51.5% yesabelo semarike, ngelixa i-DC yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza i-akhawunti ye-19%, ekhokelwa nguTesla kunye ne-58% yesabelo semarike.

Umthombo: Hua 'an Securities
Ngokwengxelo yoPhando lweGrand View, ubungakanani bemarike yemoto yombane ebiza i-2.85 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2021 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka (CAGR) se-36.9% ukusuka ngo-2022 ukuya ku-2030.
Ezi zilandelayo zezona nkampani zitshaja iimoto zombane zase-US.
Tesla
Umenzi wemoto yombane uTesla ungumnikazi kwaye usebenza inethiwekhi yakhe yeeSuperchargers. Inkampani inezikhululo zokutshaja ezili-1,604 kunye neetshaja ezinkulu ezingama-14,081 kwihlabathi liphela, ezibekwe kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke nakwiindawo zokuthengisa zeTesla. Ubulungu abufunwa, kodwa bukhawulelwe kwiimoto zeTesla ezixhotyiswe ngeziqhagamshelo zobunini. I-Tesla inokusebenzisa iitshaja ze-SAE ngeeadaptha.
Iindleko ziyahluka ngendawo kunye nezinye izinto, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo yi-$ 0.28 nge-kWh nganye. Ukuba iindleko zisekelwe kwixesha elichithiweyo, yi-13 yeesenti ngomzuzu ngaphantsi kwe-60 kWh kunye ne-26 yeesenti ngomzuzu ngaphezu kwe-60 kWh.
Inethiwekhi yokutshaja yeTesla idla ngokuquka ngaphezulu kwe-20,000 yeetshaja ezinkulu (iitshaja ezikhawulezayo). Ngelixa ezinye iinethiwekhi zokutshaja zinomxube weNqanaba 1 (ngaphezu kweeyure ze-8 ukuya kwintlawulo epheleleyo), iNqanaba 2 (ngaphezu kweeyure ze-4 ukuya kwintlawulo epheleleyo) kunye neNqanaba le-3 yeeshaja ezikhawulezayo (malunga neyure ye-1 ukuya kwintlawulo epheleleyo), iziseko zeTesla zenzelwe ukuvumela abanini. ukungena endleleni ngokukhawuleza ngentlawulo emfutshane.
Zonke izikhululo zeSupercharger ziboniswa kwimephu esebenzayo kwi-Tesla's on-board navigation system. Abasebenzisi banokubona izikhululo endleleni, kunye nezantya zabo zokutshaja kunye nokufumaneka. Inethiwekhi ye-Supercharger ivumela abanini beTesla ukuba bafumane amava angcono okuhamba ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwizikhululo zokutshaja zomntu wesithathu.
Ukuqhwanyaza
Inethiwekhi ye-Blink iphethwe yi-Car Charging Group, Inc, esebenza kwi-3,275 yeNqanaba lesi-2 kunye neNqanaba lesi-3 seetshaja zikawonke-wonke e-United States. Imodeli yenkonzo yeyokuba akuyomfuneko ukuba ube lilungu ukuze usebenzise itshaja yeBlink, kodwa unokonga imali xa ujoyina.
Ixabiso lesiseko seNqanaba le-2 lokutshaja yi-$ 0.39 ukuya kwi-$ 0.79 nge-KWH, okanye i-$ 0.04 ukuya kwi-$ 0.06 ngomzuzu. Inqanaba le-3 ngokukhawuleza libiza i-$ 0.49 ukuya kwi-$ 0.69 nge-KWH, okanye i-$ 6.99 ukuya kwi-$ 9.99 ngentlawulo.
ChargePoint
Ngokusekwe eCalifornia, iChargePoint yeyona nethiwekhi inkulu yokutshaja e-US enamanqaku okutshaja angaphezu kwama-68,000, apho i-1,500 ikwiNqanaba lesi-3 lezixhobo zokutshaja ze-DC. Kuphela yipesenti encinci yezikhululo zokutshaja zeChargePoint ezikwiNqanaba lesi-3 le-DC Fast Charger.
Oku kuthetha ukuba uninzi lwezikhululo zokutshaja ziyilelwe ukutshaja okucothayo ngexesha lomsebenzi kwiindawo zorhwebo kusetyenziswa iitshaja zeNqanaba I kunye neNqanaba II. Esi sisicwangciso esifanelekileyo sokunyusa intuthuzelo yabathengi kuhambo lwe-EV, kodwa inethiwekhi yabo ineziphene ezibalulekileyo zokuhamba phakathi kwamazwe kunye nohambo olude, okwenza kube nzima ukuba abanini be-EV baxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwi-ChargePoint.
Electrify America
I-Electrify America, ephethwe yi-automaker Volkswagen, iceba ukufakela izikhululo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ezingama-480 kwiindawo zedolophu ezili-17 kumaphondo angama-42 ekupheleni konyaka, kwaye isikhululo ngasinye sibekwe ngaphandle kweekhilomitha ezingama-70 ukusuka kwesinye. Ubulungu abufuneki, kodwa izaphulelo ziyafumaneka ngokujoyina inkqubo yePass + yenkampani. Iindleko zokutshaja zibalwa ngokomzuzu ngamnye, kuxhomekeke kwindawo kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu elamkelekileyo lamandla esithuthi.
Ngokomzekelo, eCalifornia, ixabiso lesiseko li-$ 0.99 ngomzuzu kwi-350 kW umthamo, i-$ 0.69 ye-125 kW, i-$ 0.25 ye-75 kW, kunye ne-$ 1.00 ngentlawulo. Imali yenyanga yePlus + isicwangciso yi-$ 4.00, kunye ne-$ 0.70 ngomzuzu i-350 kW, i-$ 0.50 ngomzuzu i-125 kW, kunye ne-$ 0.18 ngomzuzu i-75 kW.
EVgo
EVgo , esekelwe Tennessee kwaye igcina ngaphezu 1,200 DC Fast Charger in 34 states. Amaxabiso okutshaja ngokukhawuleza ayohluka ngokwengingqi. Ngokomzekelo, kwindawo yaseLos Angeles yaseCalifornia, ixabisa i-$ 0.27 ngomzuzu kwabangengawo amalungu kunye ne-$ 0.23 ngomzuzu kumalungu. Ukubhalisa kufuna umrhumo wenyanga we-7.99 yeedola, kodwa kubandakanya imizuzu engama-34 yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, iNqanaba lesi-2 libiza i-$1.50 ngeyure. Kwakhona qaphela ukuba i-EVgo inesivumelwano kunye neTesla ye-EVgo izikhululo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ukuba zifumaneke kubanikazi beTesla.
Volta
IVolta, inkampani esekwe eSan Francisco esebenza ngaphezulu kwezikhululo zokutshaja ezingama-700 kumazwe ali-10, into ebalaseleyo kukuba ukutshaja izixhobo zeVolta kusimahla kwaye akukho bulungu bufunekayo. AbakwaVolta baxhase ngemali ukufakelwa kweeyunithi zokutshaja zeNqanaba 2 kufutshane nabathengisi abafana ne-Whole Foods, iMacy's kunye ne-Saks. Ngelixa inkampani ihlawula ityala lombane, yenza imali ngokuthengisa iintengiso ezixhaswayo eziboniswe kwiimonitha ezifakwe kwiiyunithi zokutshaja. Eyona nto itsala umva yeVolta kukungabikho kweziseko zophuhliso zeNqanaba lesi-3 lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza.